Bio Final

What is the Cell Cycle

• series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells

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• Cell Division

  The process by which a cell divides into two new identical daughter cells with equal number of chromosomes 46

• DNA Replication

What is Cell Divison

• DNA is copied, checked and prepped for Mitosissynthesis phase

• The process by which a cell divides into two new identical daughter cells with equal number of chromosomes 46

• any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

• a disease caused by various mutations and often involves tumors caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.

Cancer

• The Control center of the cell, holds DNA, nucleolus is located here

• allele located on the short arm of the sex 'y' chromosomewhen 'on' stimulates testes development'when 'off' offspring will be phenotypically femalecan be genetically male but phenotypically female

• chemotherapy drug that treats lung, ovarian, and breast cancer

• any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

What happens during Interphase

• DNA is copied, checked and prepped for Mitosissynthesis phase

• Different forms of a gene

• A 3d structure of folded chain of amino acids the

• synthesis of an mRNA molecule from a DNA template, uses RNA polymerase, occurs in the NUCLUES

What are Sister Chromatids

• The base that pairs with Guanine with DNA

• the formation of sperm

• Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S subphase of interphase.

• the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

Mutation

• passages become disabled due to scarring of tissue, infection, cancer or abnormal growths

• contains mitochondria and connects tail to the head of the sperm

• an interaction between genes and the environment that contributes to a phenotype or trait

• change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information, change in the amino acid sequence that can cause improper formation of proteins

Metastasis

• passageway for molecules into and out of the nucleus

• the release of an egg from the ovaries for fertilization

• spread of cancer cells beyond their original site in the body, this is a mutation due to anchorage dependence,instead of the nucleus sending a message to destroy a cell since it is no longer receiving the 'right place' messageThe mutation keeps saying 'right place' as it travels throughout the body

• UAA, UAG, UGA; codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation

What does Taxol do

• physical characteristics of an organismdetermined by genotype

• protein binding that sends a message to nucleus that the cell is in the correct spot.

• chemotherapy drug that treats lung, ovarian, and breast cancer

• DNA base that pairs with adenine

Semi‐conservative DNA

• Interfere with production of peptidoglycan; prevents the growth of the bacteria harm bacteria but not eukaryotes.

• 3 base sequence is repeated, gene "expands"

• DNA that has both the parent and new daughter strandThis minimizes chance for mutations by having an original template paired with a fresher strand

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Helicase

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• A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

• Genes that regulate the cell cycle by INHIBITING it if there are errors (mutations) in the replicated DNA. They double check the newly replicated DNA by flagging mutations, fixing those mutations, or causing apoptosis if there are too many mutations -- thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell growth that contributes to cancer.They do their job in G2 and are involved with the G2 checkpoint.

• DNA enzyme that unzips and unwinds the DNA molecule