Bio Benchmark 2 23 Part 1

A researcher takes a stem cell from the developing larvae of a beetle species and grows it in a nutrient solution. After several cell divisions, there is a mess of stem cells.

How can the researcher determine if cell differentiation is occurring in the mass of stem cells?

• The researcher can measure to see if all the cells are identical to each other.

• The researcher can analyze if any cells develop characteristics different than other cells

• The researcher can observe to see if more cells are created over time.

• The researcher can deteermine if the amount of DNA in each stem cell decreases over time.

Which statement is true about the DNA found in every living organism?

• All DNA sequences contain the sugar ribose

• All DNA strands are the same length

• All DNA codes create the same traits

• All DNA molecules contain the nitrogenous base thymine

Which three reactants from the environment are required for plants to make glucose?

• ATP

• carbon dioxide

• oxygen

• sunlight

• water

A student conducts an experiment to see how pH affects two different enzymes in the presence of the same substrate. The graph shows the results.

Which pH is optimal for each enzyme?

• Enzyme A: 1 ; Enzyme B: 6

• Enzyme A:2 ; Enzyme B: 7

• Enzyme A:3; Enzyme B: 9

• Enzyme A:4 ; Enzyme B:9

Where in an animal cell do transcription and translation occur?

• transcription: nucleus; translation: cytoplasm

• transcription: cytoplasm; translation: chloroplast

• transcription: mitochondrion; translation: chloroplast

• transcription: chloroplast; translation: mitochondrion

Two nucleotide sequences are provided.

Which describes a piece of information that a scientist can initially learn from studying the sequences?

• Which types of amino acids are coded by Sequence 1 and sequence 2?

• How many mutations occurred in Sequence 1 compared to sequence 2

• If sequence 1 and sequence 2 produce a protein, what would be the protein shape?

• Where are sequence 1 and sequence 2 found in the cell?

Root cells in a plant completely lack chloroplasts, whereas leaf cells have many chloroplasts. Which difference will be seen in these two types of cells due to the presence or absence of chloroplasts?

• the root cells will be more likely to divide than the leaf cells

• the leaf cells will absorb more water than root cells

• the root cells will lack the ability to perform photosynthesis

• the leaf cells will be able to collect less light energy

The image shows a cheek cell seen through a microscope.

Which part of the cell cycle is the cheek cell experiencing?

• the cell is in the G1 phase because there are clearly defined chromosomes.

• the cell is in metaphase becuse the chromosomes are all lines up in the center of the cell

• the cell is in anaphase because the spindle fibers have attached to the chromosomes

• the cell is in the S phase becuse the chromosomes have doubled in number

Which model best represents a cell using passive transport?

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Identical twins spend their summer doing different things. One twin spends the summer playing soccer, while the other twin spends the summer assisting a nurse in the hospital. At the end of the summer, their friends notice that the twin who was outside has a lighter hair color, while the other had no change.

Which statement explains this observation?

• the environments where the twins spent the summer impacted their hair color

• the twin who was outside was exposed to a chemical that made the hair darker in color

• the twin at the hospital had access to more products to lighten the hair color

• the genetics of the twins were altered by their different activities causing their hair color to change