Chapters 17 + 18 Review

What best describes the role of mutations in evolution?

• They are useful since they promote genetic uniformity

• They are essential since they produce genetic variations

• They are essential since they are responses to environmental change

• They are useful since it is super cool to be a mutant

Birds with long beaks are able to reach bugs. Shorter-beaked birds cannot. Which type of pattern would occur?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Deer mice became separated by a large glacial lake. They are now two different species. Identify the mode of speciation.

• behavioral isolation

• temporal isolation

• geographical isolation

• All of these

Define allele frequency

• Change in allele frequency from a huge change in the size of a population

• The movement of genes into or out of a population

• The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool

• Change in allele frequency from the migration of a small population

Study the graph and the text to identify the modes of isolation.

• Temporal and Geographical

• Behavioral and Geographical

• Temporal and Behavioral

• All three modes

Identify the main mode of isolation of eastern and western salamanders in Southern California.

• behavioral isolation

• temporal isolation

• geographic isolation

• all of these

Which is the most likely way that Hox genes account for these variations?

• Mutations led to new vertebral organization during embryo development.

• Mutations resulted in new proteins that determined vertebrae

• Environmental factors activate specific HOX genes that code for structures

• Environmental factors change the guanine bases of the HOX gene permanently

Which is the most likely result if the Ubx gene was activated at the wrong time?

• The insect develops either shorter or longer abdominal legs.

• The insect develops normal body parts but in an altered time sequence.

• The insect develops legs in other parts of its body.

• The insect does not use the Ubx gene

“Do a fruit fly and a fruit bat share a common ancestor in their evolutionary history?” What is the answer to this?

• Yes, because the fly and bat share the common trait of eating fruit.

• Yes, because all living things share a common ancestor.

• No, because the fruit fly is an insect and the fruit bat is a mammal.

• No, because a fruit fly is smaller and a fruit bat is bigger.

Define homologous structure

• Structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost its function

• Body parts that are similar in different species of common ancestry

• Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms

• Body parts that share a common function, but not structure