Ap art history content area 3

None

• Adam and EveAlbrecht Dürer. 1504 C.E. EngravingDürer became increasingly drawn to the idea that the perfect human form corresponded to a system of proportion and measurements. Dürer's placid animals signify that in this moment of perfection in the garden, the human figures are still in a state of equilibrium.
• Allegory of Law and GraceLucas Cranach the Elder. c. 1530 C.E. Woodcut and letterpressThe practice of imbuing narratives, images or figures with symbolic meaning to convey moral principles and philosophical idea
• Mosque of Selim IIEdrine, Turkey. Sinan (architect), 1568-1575 C.E. Brick and stoneIt is one of the most important buildings in the history of world architecture both for its design and its monumentality. It is considered to be the masterwork of the great Ottoman architect Sinan.
• Arena (Scrovengni) Chapel, including LamentationPadus, Italy. Unknown architect; Giotto di Bonde (artist). Chapel: c. 1303 C.E.; Fresco: c. 1305. Brick (architecture) and fresco

None

• Alhambra Granada, Spain. Nasrid Dynasty. 1354-1391 C.E. Whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gildingThe Alhambra's architecture shares many characteristics, but is singular in the way it complicates the relationship between interior and exterior. Its buildings feature shaded patios and covered walkways that pass from well-lit interior spaces onto shaded courtyards and sun-filled gardens all enlivened by the reflection of water and intricately carved stucco decoration.
• Merovingian looped fibulaeEarly medieval Europe. Mid-sixth century C.E. Silver gilt worked in filigree, with inlays of garnets and other stones.It is normal for similar groups to have similar artistic styles, and for more diverse groups to have less in common. Fibulae is proof of the diverse and distinct cultures living within larger empires and kingdoms, a social situation that was common during the middle ages.
• San Carlo alle Quattro FontaneRome, Italy. Francesco Borromini (architect) 1638-1646 C.E. Stone and stuccoHe was much criticized as an architect who ignored the rules of the Ancients in favour of whimsy. However it is his clear knowledge of those rules, and the facility and ingenuity with which he manipulated them, which has ensured his reputation as one of the great geniuses in the history of architecture.
• Calling of Saint MatthewCaravaggio. c. 1597-1601 C.E. Oil on canvasCaravaggio depicts the very moment when Matthew first realizes he is being called. This was Caravaggio's first important job and the completed work would win him the highest of praise as well as the harshest of criticism for its shockingly innovative style.

None

• Allegory of Law and GraceLucas Cranach the Elder. c. 1530 C.E. Woodcut and letterpressThe practice of imbuing narratives, images or figures with symbolic meaning to convey moral principles and philosophical idea
• Isenheim altarpieceMatthias Grünewald. c. 1512-1516 C.E. Oil on wood
• Madonna and Child with Two AngelsFra Filippo Lippi. c. 1465 C.E. Tempera on wood
• Santa SabinaRome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 422-432 C.E. Brick and stone, wood

None

• Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor DeiMaster of Calamarca (La Paz School). c. 17th century C.E. Oil on canvasAs the Angels was one of the topics most characteristic of the painting from the Viceregal in America, this kind of art and characters are found in different villages of Peru, Argentina and even in other departments of Bolivia. Calamarca is one of the most complete collections, including Angels holding arquebuses, swords, holding keys or spikes of wheat or a bundle of fire in his hand.
• Virgin and child between Saints Theodore and GeorgeEarly Byzantine Europe. Six or early seventh century C.E. Encastic on wood.The composition displays a spatial ambiguity that places the scene in a world that operates differently from our world. The ambiguity allows the scene to partake of the viewer's world but also separates the scene from the normal world.
• Hunters in the Snow Pieters Bruegel the Elder. 1565 C.E. Oil on woodsThis Bruegel oil painting - which is, incidentally the world's most popular classical Christmas card design - evokes the harsh conditions and temperatures of winter. The composition is ideal as the first in a frieze of pictures covering the full year, and the painting is filled with detail
• Adam and EveAlbrecht Dürer. 1504 C.E. EngravingDürer became increasingly drawn to the idea that the perfect human form corresponded to a system of proportion and measurements. Dürer's placid animals signify that in this moment of perfection in the garden, the human figures are still in a state of equilibrium.

It consists of three hinged panels (triptych format): the left panel depicts the donor and his wife; the central and most important panel shows the Annunciation itself, and its two main characters, Mary and Archangel Gabriel; the right panel portrays Joseph in his workshop. The triptych is unsigned and undated, and only since the early 20th century has Robert Campin been identified as its creator.

• Annunciation Triptych Workshop of Robert Campin. 1427-1432 C.E. Oil on wood
• Isenheim altarpieceMatthias Grünewald. c. 1512-1516 C.E. Oil on wood
• Birth of VenusSandro Brotticelli. c. 1484-1486 C.E. Tempera on canvas
• Catacomb of PriscillaRome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 200-400 C.E. Excavated tufa and frescoThe wall paintings are considered the first Christian artwork.

Giotto painted his artwork on the walls and ceiling of the Chapel using the fresco method in which water based colors are painted onto wet plaster. Painting onto wet plaster allows the paint to be infused into the plaster creating a very durable artwork. However, since the painter must stop when the plaster dries it requires the artist to work quickly and flawlessly

• Arena (Scrovengni) Chapel, including LamentationPadus, Italy. Unknown architect; Giotto di Bonde (artist). Chapel: c. 1303 C.E.; Fresco: c. 1305. Brick (architecture) and fresco
• Annunciation Triptych Workshop of Robert Campin. 1427-1432 C.E. Oil on wood
• Pyxis of al-MughiraUmayyad. c. 968 C.E. Ivory
• Last SupperLeonardo da Vinci. c. 1494-1498 C.E. Oil and Tempera

None

• The Arnolfini Portrait Jan van Eyck. c. 1434 C.E. Oil on woodVan Eyck used oil-based paint as the medium for his artwork. This type of paint is manufactured by adding pigment to linseed or walnut oil. Oil based paint dries slowly allowing the painter more time to make revisions and to add detail, and it has a luminous quality that allows the artist. Van Eyck was not the inventor of oil-based paint, but he is recognized as being one of the first to perfect its use
• Fruit and InsectsRachel Ruysch. 1711 C.E. Oil on woodThis luscious sample of life on Earth represents at least two passions of its time: categorization and still-life, which emphasize the pleasure of the senses and their qualities
• Venus of UrbinoTitan. c. 1538 C.E. Oil on canvasThanks to the wise use of color and its contrasts, as well as the subtle meanings and allusions, Titian achieves the goal of representing the perfect Renaissance woman who, just like Venus, becomes the symbol of love, beauty and fertility.
• Goldfish Henri Mattisse. 1912 C.E. Oil on canvasThis painting is an illustration of some of the major themes in Matisse's painting: his use of complimentary colors, his quest for an idyllic paradise, his appeal for contemplative relaxation for the viewer and his complex construction of pictorial space.

None

• Bayeux TapestryRomanesque Europe. c. 1066-1080 C.E. Embroidery on linenThe Bayeux Tapestry has been much used as a source for illustrations of daily life in early medieval Europe. It depicts a total of 1515 different objects, animals and persons . Dress, arms, ships, towers, cities, halls, churches, horse trappings, regal insignia, ploughs, harrows, tableware, possible armorial changes, banners, hunting horns, axes, adzes, barrels, carts, wagons, reliquaries, biers, spits and spades are among the many items depicted
• The Tête à Tête, from Marriage à la ModeWilliam Hogarth. c. 1743 C.E. Oil on canvasFirst Western artist who worked in series, that is, a group of paintings with a common thread, a common theme. Now many contemporary artists work in series to explore different styles and approaches to their art, but this was not usual in the 18th century
• Virgin and child between Saints Theodore and GeorgeEarly Byzantine Europe. Six or early seventh century C.E. Encastic on wood.The composition displays a spatial ambiguity that places the scene in a world that operates differently from our world. The ambiguity allows the scene to partake of the viewer's world but also separates the scene from the normal world.
• Entombment of ChristJacopo da Pontormo. 1525-1528 C.E. Oil on woodThey inhabit a flattened space, comprising a sculptural congregation of brightly demarcated colors. The vortex of the composition droops down towards the limp body of Jesus off center in the left. Those lowering Christ appear to demand our help in sustaining both the weight of his body (and the burden of sin Christ took on) and their grief.

Botticelli broke new ground with his works, including the Birth of Venus. He was the first to create large scale mythology scenes, some based on historical accounts. In the era that Birth of Venus was painted, minds were open to new ideas and religion no longer needed to be the main subject of artistic work. If such mythological pieces had been painted 100 years earlier, they would not have been accepted by the church because they were so different to traditional depictions.

• Birth of VenusSandro Brotticelli. c. 1484-1486 C.E. Tempera on canvas
• Last SupperLeonardo da Vinci. c. 1494-1498 C.E. Oil and Tempera
• Great MosqueCórdoba, Spain. Umayyad. c. 785-786 C.E. Stone masonry
• Santa SabinaRome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 422-432 C.E. Brick and stone, wood

None

• Calling of Saint MatthewCaravaggio. c. 1597-1601 C.E. Oil on canvasCaravaggio depicts the very moment when Matthew first realizes he is being called. This was Caravaggio's first important job and the completed work would win him the highest of praise as well as the harshest of criticism for its shockingly innovative style.
• Allegory of Law and GraceLucas Cranach the Elder. c. 1530 C.E. Woodcut and letterpressThe practice of imbuing narratives, images or figures with symbolic meaning to convey moral principles and philosophical idea
• Fruit and InsectsRachel Ruysch. 1711 C.E. Oil on woodThis luscious sample of life on Earth represents at least two passions of its time: categorization and still-life, which emphasize the pleasure of the senses and their qualities
• Mosque of Selim IIEdrine, Turkey. Sinan (architect), 1568-1575 C.E. Brick and stoneIt is one of the most important buildings in the history of world architecture both for its design and its monumentality. It is considered to be the masterwork of the great Ottoman architect Sinan.