Urolithiasis

How many anatomical ureteric constrictions are there?

• One

• Two

• Three

• Four

What are the importance of anatomical ureteric constrictions?

• obstruction to normal urine flow predisposing urinary calculi formation

• landmark for percutaneous nephrostomy

• to be identified in KUB x ray

• to guide in RPG stenting

What is a risk factor for urolithiasis?

• Gouty arthritis

• Diabetes Mellitus

• Hypertension

• Dyslipidaemia

What is the most common complication of urolithiasis?

• Acute Kidney Injury

• Heart Failure

• Intestinal obstruction

• Respiratory failure

What is the most common type of urolithiasis?

• Calcium oxalate stones

• Uric acid stone

• Struvite stone

• Cholesterol stone

What type of urolithiasis that is visible in a KUB x-ray?

• Calcium oxalate stone

• Struvite stone

• Cholesterol stone

• Uric acid stone

What is the gold standard imaging for urolithiasis?

• Non-contrast enhanced CT-urography

• KUB x ray

• CECT abdomen

• US KUB

What type of bacteria causing struvite stone formation in urinary tract?

• Proteus mirabilis

• Stap aureus

• Strep pyogene

• Nisseria meningitidis

What type of disorder that causes cystine stone formation?

• Cystinuria

• Phenylketonuria

• Bacteriuria

• Pyuria

What is first line drug for medical expulsion of stones therapy?

• Alpha blocker

• Beta blockers

• Sodium channel blockers

• Calcium channel blockers