Chapter 17 Review

What is parental provisioning

• transfer of nutrients from blood stream of mother to blood stream of off springs in potential mammals

• lactation in mammals,food gathering behavior,depositing young on a food source, mammals & birds provide greatest investment/young

• fertalization occurs outside of the body and is common in aquatic species that produce many poorly-provisioned eggs, females release eggs into water in same vicinity

• common in terrestrial species when eggs are encased(prerents dehydration or desiccation)in shells as capsules that sperm cannot penetrate

What is postnatal provisioning (parental care)

• transfer of nutrients from blood stream of mother to blood stream of off springs in potential mammals

• lactation in mammals,food gathering behavior,depositing young on a food source, mammals & birds provide greatest investment/young

  starts off life with abundant resources but parents face exponentially reproductive costs

• fertalization occurs outside of the body and is common in aquatic species that produce many poorly-provisioned eggs, females release eggs into water in same vicinity

• common in terrestrial species when eggs are encased(prerents dehydration or desiccation)in shells as capsules that sperm cannot penetrate

What is external fertilization

• transfer of nutrients from blood stream of mother to blood stream of off springs in potential mammals

• lactation in mammals,food gathering behavior,depositing young on a food source, mammals & birds provide greatest investment/young

  starts off life with abundant resources but parents face exponentially reproductive costs

• fertalization occurs outside of the body and is common in aquatic species that produce many poorly-provisioned eggs, females release eggs into water in same vicinity

• common in terrestrial species when eggs are encased(prerents dehydration or desiccation)in shells as capsules that sperm cannot penetrate

What is internal fertilization

• transfer of nutrients from blood stream of mother to blood stream of off springs in potential mammals

• lactation in mammals,food gathering behavior,depositing young on a food source, mammals & birds provide greatest investment/young

  starts off life with abundant resources but parents face exponentially reproductive costs

• required also if offspring are to developed within female reproductive tract eg.Mammals(us)

• -common in terrestrial species when eggs are encased(prerents dehydration or desiccation)in shells as capsules that sperm cannot penetrate

  most occur in female reproductive track prior to the time that shells or capsuls are added

Enviornmental influences over reproductive nutrition/food availability

• food ability for offspring is critical in early stages of development

• in males of many species social dominance is required for mating

  -females in general are choosey

• many animals use long days as a cue for reproduction

  -short fay breading for those with long gestation time

• general pattern is to see reproduction/birth timed with warmer (temperature climates)

for nonmammalian species food must be available in the _____

fish larve reproduction is often timed with _______ blooms of Algae migration (birds) timed with food availability for young

For other effects of nutrition on reproduction delayed maturation with __________ nutrition