Evolution chapter 18 homework pt2

The genes of human pathogens are shaped primarily by

___________

in the environment of the human body.

• selective pressures

• other pathogens

• cancerous cells

In turn pathogens shape the human __________ . This evolutionary arms race has taken place over millions of years.

• genome

• cancer rate

• life history

For instance, viruses must interact with host

________

to be able to invade a host cell and replicate.

• proteins

• DNA

• sugars

When

___________

occurs in these host macromolecules, a virus may respond to the selective pressure by evolving in kind.

• random mutation

• species jumping

• antigenic drift

One researcher concluded that selective pressures due to viruses have caused

_________

of the proteins in the hominin lineage to have altered amino acids.

• one-third

• nine-tenths

• one-hundredth

Specific diseases have also molded the human genome. For example, in geographical areas where mosquitoes commonly carry the pathogen for

_________,

mutations that confer resistance to the disease spread at a high rate through human populations.

• malaria

• Lassa fever

• cystic fibrosis

As a result, these defensive alleles appear at

_______

frequency than in areas where the disease is less common.

• a higher

• an equal

• a lower

Today's doctors are taking an

_________

approach to understanding the genetics behind the various conditions that affect human health. Instead of treating all patients similarly, doctors are considering genetic

_________

and genetic history to customize the prevention, management, and treatment of disorders.

• (1) evolutionary (2) variation

• (1) immunological (2) drift

• (1) anti-aging (2) pleiotropy

Some inherited conditions, such as

(1)________,

follow the simple rules of

(2)_________

genetics.

• (1) Huntington

  (2) Mendelian

• (1) Lassa fever (2) Darwinian

• (1) type 1 diabetes (2) Old Friends

Other genes influence disease in a more complex fashion. For example, certain variants of BRCA1 increase the risk of 

__________

• some cancers

• Crohn's disease

• cystic fibrosis