Final Review #2

In Medieval times, religion reigned supreme. The church expected all people to focus on God and his teachings without question. The Humanistic approach of the Renaissance questioned everything, and often butted heads with the Roman Catholic Church. With the shift of literature being written in common languages, the scriptures were too. Northern Europeans began to study and call out corrupt Christian clergy in the Roman Catholic Church. A Dutch Priest, Desiderius Erasmus, wrote The Praise of Folly to discredit some church rituals and refocus on Jesus’s teachings. It was such claims and concerns of Northern Europe that eventually lead to the Reformation, an era of change in the Church. Source- Instructomania, Italian Renaissance Historical Snapshot, 2017 Based on the information in the passage, you can conclude that:

• Many people in Europe were unhappy with the Catholic Church.
• The Catholic Church was prepared to stamp out heretics.
• The Catholic Church had a less important role than major governments and kingdoms.
• The Humanistic approach was very unpopular in Europe.

In Medieval times, religion reigned supreme. The church expected all people to focus on God and his teachings without question. The Humanistic approach of the Renaissance questioned everything, and often butted heads with the Roman Catholic Church. With the shift of literature being written in common languages, the scriptures were too. Northern Europeans began to study and call out corrupt Christian clergy in the Roman Catholic Church. A Dutch Priest, Desiderius Erasmus, wrote The Praise of Folly to discredit some church rituals and refocus on Jesus’s teachings. It was such claims and concerns of Northern Europe that eventually lead to the Reformation, an era of change in the Church. Source- Instructomania, Italian Renaissance Historical Snapshot, 2017 The purpose of this passage is to:

• Explain the strained relationship between Desiderius Erasmus and the Catholic Church
• Explain the main teachings of humanist thinkers
• Explain the ways new ideas during the Renaissance led people to question the Church
• Explain the most important changes made during the Reformation

During the Italian Renaissance almost every trade operated in a guild. A guild was a corporation made of many independent tradespeople. Bankers, merchants, tailors, and even artists belonged to guilds. Guilds had very strict rules governing their business practices and set up training programs for new members, who often entered the guild as apprentices, hoping to work their way up to “master” of the trade. In 1293 the Guild of Doctors, Apothecaries, and Grocers was established in Florence, Italy. The three trades operated in the marketplace, like many other merchants, offering their goods and services to consumers in their neighborhoods. Patients walked into apothecary stalls, where trained physicians and druggists would make medicines customized to the patient’s specific condition. Druggists also sold spices, sugar, wine, ink and paper, as well as grocery items. Because they were a large, organized group, they held political and economic power and could set and maintain prices for specific services and medicines. According to the text, the medical profession was treated like a:

• Village
• Government
• Business/marketplace
• Recreation

During the Italian Renaissance almost every trade operated in a guild. A guild was a corporation made of many independent tradespeople. Bankers, merchants, tailors, and even artists belonged to guilds. Guilds had very strict rules governing their business practices and set up training programs for new members, who often entered the guild as apprentices, hoping to work their way up to “master” of the trade. In 1293 the Guild of Doctors, Apothecaries, and Grocers was established in Florence, Italy. The three trades operated in the marketplace, like many other merchants, offering their goods and services to consumers in their neighborhoods. Patients walked into apothecary stalls, where trained physicians and druggists would make medicines customized to the patient’s specific condition. Druggists also sold spices, sugar, wine, ink and paper, as well as grocery items. Because they were a large, organized group, they held political and economic power and could set and maintain prices for specific services and medicines. Based on the passage, you can infer that the druggist profession relied upon:

• The spice trade
• The knowledge of patients
• Patronage from wealthy Italians
• The number of apprentices they hired

Where medieval art was two-dimensional and told mythical and spiritual stories, artists of the Renaissance learned perspective techniques such as shadowing and diverse subject size to create three-dimensional images. Additionally, the human body was scrutinized and art mediums from paintings to sculpture began to take into account the shape and tone of them. Everyday objects and religious based murals were created in their raw, natural form. Oil-based paints, linseed oil combined with color pigments, were also discovered. The well-known Italian artist Michelangelo is known for the paintings done on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with oil paints. He also penned poetry, drew plans for buildings, and carved sculptures. Source- Instructomania, Italian Renaissance Historical Snapshot, 2017 Which of the following details best supports the topic sentence, “There are many differences between Medieval and Renaissance artwork”?

• Everyday objects and religious based murals were created in their raw, natural form.
• Oil-based paints, linseed oil combined with color pigments, were also discovered.
• The well-known Italian artist Michelangelo is known for the paintings done on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with oil paints
• Where medieval art was two-dimensional and told mythical and spiritual stories, artists of the Renaissance learned perspective techniques such as shadowing and diverse subject size to create three-dimensional images.

Where medieval art was two-dimensional and told mythical and spiritual stories, artists of the Renaissance learned perspective techniques such as shadowing and diverse subject size to create three-dimensional images. Additionally, the human body was scrutinized and art mediums from paintings to sculpture began to take into account the shape and tone of them. Everyday objects and religious based murals were created in their raw, natural form. Oil-based paints, linseed oil combined with color pigments, were also discovered. The well-known Italian artist Michelangelo is known for the paintings done on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with oil paints. He also penned poetry, drew plans for buildings, and carved sculptures. Source- Instructomania, Italian Renaissance Historical Snapshot, 2017 Which of the following details best supports the idea that Michelangelo was a man of many talents?

• Additionally, the human body was scrutinized and art mediums from paintings to sculpture began to take into account the shape and tone of them.
• Everyday objects and religious based murals were created in their raw, natural form. Oil-based paints, linseed oil combined with color pigments, were also discovered.
• The well-known Italian artist Michelangelo is known for the paintings done on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with oil paints.
• He also penned poetry, drew plans for buildings, and carved sculptures.

25. Which image best supports the sentence, “Because people were largely uneducated artwork was more simple, flat, and two-dimensional”?

• Image A
• Image B
• Image C

26. Which image best supports the sentence, “Renaissance artwork is characterized by 3-D perspectives, attention to small details, and idyllic beauty”?

• Image A
• Image B
• Image C

Classical period artwork comes from the height of Roman Empire and Greek culture. This period lasted for roughly 1000 years. During the Classical period, art and architecture were important elements of society. Art was created to show important leaders, or tell stories about different gods or goddesses. The Medieval period followed the Classical period. Most people were more concerned with survival and religion than art. Because people were largely uneducated artwork was more simple, flat, and two-dimensional. Art patrons were mostly church leaders, so most medieval art is religious. The Renaissance marked a change in European artwork. This time period is considered a rebirth of Classical thought and style. Artwork of this era reflects the importance of curiosity and detail. Artists studied what the ancient Romans and Greeks did. They often copied their style, while experimenting with new techniques and subjects. Renaissance artwork is characterized by 3-D perspectives, attention to small details, and idyllic beauty. Source- Instructomania, Italian Renaissance Historical Snapshot, 2017 Which of the following topic sentences is best supported by the information in the passage?

• Renaissance artwork was more detailed than other periods.
• Artwork changed and evolved across the Classical, Medieval, and Renaissance periods.
• Renaissance artwork was far superior to artwork from the Classical and Medieval periods.
• Classical period artwork was more likely to show mythological figures than Medieval or Renaissance artwork.

Select the commentary sentence that best describes the map:

• Renaissance trade routes were most highly concentrated in northern Europe.
• Renaissance trade routes were mostly localized in the Middle East.
• Renaissance trade routes connected Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East by water and by land.
• Renaissance trade routes did not exist in the Mar Meditrrraneo (Mediterranean Sea).