3.1 Scientific principles and processes

: Which of the following statements are true about referencing?

• can reduce bias

• has a standard format.

• is plagiarising others' work.

• Is typed into the main body of a text

Identify the 3 'R's of using animals in scientific studies.

• Reduce, reuse and replace

• Reduce, replace and refine

• Reuse, repeat and replace

• Random, refine and reduce

Before publication of a scientific article, others scientists read the article and make any comments or suggestions to the author prior to publication. What is this process called?

• Review Article

• Scientific conference

• Abstract

• Peer review

A scientist predicts that the speed of cycling will have no effect on the oxygen consumption of cyclists. What term is used to describe this statement?

• Null Hypothesis

• Alternative Hypothesis

• Aim

• Conclusion

What do we call the articles in Scientific journals that sum up the work and findings carried out?

• Review Article

• Scientific conference

• Abstract

• Peer review

Which of the following statements about results is NOT true

• Results can be negative or positive

• Results may cause a hypothesis to be rejected.

• Results will be verified independently.

• One-off results are easily accepted.

Which of the following statements about using humans in studies is correct?

• Consent is only required for children.

• Consent is only required for adults.

• Subjects can withdraw data at any time.

• Subjects can never withdraw their data.

What is the following feature of using animals in scientific studies: 'Ensuring competence in the experimental technique to reduce human error'

• Reduce

• Refine

• Replace

• Randomise

What is the following feature of using animals in scientific studies: 'Using fewer animals in a study'

• Reduce

• Refine

• Replace

• Randomise

Place these steps of the scientific cycle in the correct order

• Observation

• Construct a hypothesis

• Conclusion

• Experimental design

• Data collection and analysis