Chapter 10 Child Development

According to Erikson, the danger in middle childhood is ________, reflected in the pessimism of children who lack confidence in their ability to do things well.

• despair

• inferiority

• shame

• mistrust

Erikson’s sense of ________ combines several developments of middle childhood: a positive but realistic self-concept, pride in accomplishment, moral responsibility, and cooperative participation with agemates.

• trust

• industry

• autonomy

• identity

During which age range do children first include personality traits in their self-descriptions?

• 3 to 8

• 4 to 7

• 8 to 11

• 12 to 14

During middle childhood, self-esteem takes on ________.

• a lateral structure

• decreased importance in a child's life

• a hierarchical structure

• a negative tone

During childhood and adolescence, perceived ________ correlates more strongly with overall self-worth than does any other self-esteem factor.

• academic competence

• athletic competence

• social competence

• physical appearance

School-age children with a strong sense of attachment security and whose parents use a(n) ________ child-rearing style feel especially good about themselves.

• authoritarian

• authoritative

• permissive

• uninvolved

The cooperativeness, responsiveness, and empathetic understanding within high-quality friendships play an important role in facilitating children’s moral sensibilities, in part by ________.

• strengthening the idea that certain choices such as hairstyle or leisure activities are not up to the individual

• highlighting the circumstances in which some transgressions may be forgiven

• narrowing the group of individuals whose rights and welfare are of personal concern

• negating the role of adult authority

On a measure of peer acceptance, Jud gets many negative votes from his classmates and no positive ones. Jud is a ________ child.

• neglected

• rejected

• controversial

• popular-antisocial child

Rejected-withdrawn children are ________.

• passive and socially awkward

• extremely antagonistic

• bullies toward younger children

• uninterested in peer interaction

In middle childhood, the amount of time children spend with parents ________.

• declines dramatically

• declines slightly

• increases dramatically

• increases slightly