Anchor 3 - Bioenergetics

Some antibiotics work by disrupting ATP production in bacteria. Which of the following will the bacteria lack when ATP production is disrupted?

• genetic material for reproduction

• cytoplasm to diffuse oxygen

• nucleic acids to make proteins

• energy to perform life processes

During exercise, a person's muscles need a constant supply of ATP. To meet this need, the rate of which of the following processes increases?

• mitosis

• transcription

• protein synthesis

• cellular respiration

During the processes of respiration and photosynthesis in plant cells, what are the primary elements that cycle between the mitochondria and chloroplasts?

• carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus

• hydrogen, oxygen, and potassium

• hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen

• carbon, iron and sulfur

An equation for a biochemical reaction is shown in the picture. Which of the following happens during this reaction?

• ADP adds a high-energy bond to its structure.

• Energy from sunlight is used to make glucose.

• Energy is stored in the molecule ATP for future use.

• ADP is metabolized to provide oxygen to a cell.

The graph shows the change in blood glucose level during prolonged exercise. Which of the following statements explains the change in blood glucose level shown in the graph?

• Glucose diffused from muscle cells into the bloodstream.

• Proteins combined with glucose to produce ADP for energy.

• Glucose was broken down to produce ATP for energy.

• Proteins diffused from muscle cells to produce ATP for energy.

The cells of a plant root cannot carry out the process of photosynthesis and do not contain chloroplast. Why is this?

• root cells cannot complete cellular respiration

• root cells must increase surface area

• root cells cannot process water

• root cells do not have access to sunlight

Some cell types contain thousands of mitochondria. What are these cells most likely to use in large amounts?

• DNA

• ATP

• carbon dioxide

• nitrogen

Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?

• Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.

• Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.

• Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide.

• Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide.

A mitochondrion has two membranes. The inner membrane is highly folded, as shown in the diagram. The folds greatly increase the membrane's surface area. This improves the ability of the mitochondrion to do what process?

• move the cell through water

• digest metabolic wastes in the organelles

• convert solar energy to chemical energy

• produce ATP during cellular respiration

What process follows when a phosphate-phosphate bond in an ATP molecule is broken?

• Lysosome contents are released in a cell.

• Light energy is absorbed in a plant cell.

• Energy is released in a cell.

• Water is transported into an animal cell.