renal failure

● Kidney function altered

● Interference with ability to filter blood

● Decrease in blood flow to the kidney

● Three phases:

→ Oliguric phase

→ Diuretic phase

→ Recovery phase

• acute renal failure

• chronic renal failure

s/s

● Anorexia

● Nausea

● Vomiting

● Edema

→ Moon facies

● Dry mucous membranes

● Poor skin turgor

● Urine output less than 400 mL/24 hours (oliguric phase)

→ causes water retention

• acute renal failure

• chronic renal failure

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT/ NURSING INTERVENTIONS

● Pharmacological management → Diuretics → Antibiotics → Kayexalate

● Administer fluids

● Assess for and treat electrolyte imbalances

● Dialysis

● Diet: High in carbohydrates; low in protein, potassium, and

sodium

• acute renal failure

• chronic renal failure

● End-stage renal failure

→ Total malfunction of the kidney

● Kidneys are unable to regain normal function

● Develops slowly over an extended period of time

● Result of kidney disease or other disease process that

compromises renal blood flow

• acute renal failure

• chronic renal failure

s/s

● Headache

● Lethargy; decreased strength

● Anorexia

● Pruritus (itching)

● Anuria

• acute renal failure

• chronic renal failure

s/s

● Muscle cramps or twitching

● Dusky yellow-tan or gray skin color

● Disorientation and mental lapses

● Anemia

• acute renal failure

• chronic renal failure

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT/ NURSING INTERVENTIONS

● ​Dialysis

● Renal transplant

● Medications to treat symptoms

● Diet: High in calories; restricted protein, potassium, and sodium

● Restricted fluids → 300 to 600 mL above urine output

• acute renal failure

• chronic renal failure