IMMUNOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF THE KIDNEY

Physiologic changes of the glomeruli interfere with selective

permeability

• NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• NEPHRITIS (ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

• NEPHRITIS (CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

s/s

● Proteinuria; hypoalbuminemia

● Generalized edema

● Anorexia

● Fatigue

● Oliguria

• NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• NEPHRITIS (ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

• NEPHRITIS (CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT/ NURSING INTERVENTIONS

● Pharmacological management:

→ Corticosteroids

→ Diuretics

● Diet:

→ Low sodium.

→ High protein

• NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• NEPHRITIS (ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

• NEPHRITIS (CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

● Previous infection with β-hemolytic streptococcus (2-3 weeks prior)

● Preexisting multisystem diseases

→ Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

→ Can be auto-immune or congenital

→ Some children have this condition due to weakened immune system

• NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• NEPHRITIS (ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

• NEPHRITIS (CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

s/s

● Edema of the face

● Pallor

● Malaise

● Anorexia

● Dyspnea with exertion

● Hematuria

● Changes in voiding patterns

● Oliguria; dysuria

• NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• NEPHRITIS (ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

• NEPHRITIS (CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT/ NURSING INTERVENTIONS

● Pharmacological management:

→ Antibiotics

→ Diuretics

→ Antihypertensives

● Supportive management

● Diet:

→ Protein and sodium restrictions

→ Increase calories

• NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• NEPHRITIS (ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

• NEPHRITIS (CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT/ NURSING INTERVENTIONS

● Slow, progressive destruction of glomeruli

● Commonly caused by other chronic illnesses:

→ Diabetes mellitus

→ Systemic lupus erythematosus

• NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• NEPHRITIS (ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

• NEPHRITIS (CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

● Malaise; morning headaches → Due to increased blood pressure

● Dyspnea with exertion → Difficulty urinating will lead to fluid retention that may cause

pulmonary congestion = dyspnea

● Visual and digestive disturbances

● Generalized edema

● Weight loss

● Fatigue

● Hypertension

● Anemia

● Proteinuria → Indicator of kidney damage

• NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• NEPHRITIS (ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

• NEPHRITIS (CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT/ NURSING INTERVENTIONS

● Same as acute glomerulonephritis

● Renal dialysis

● Kidney transplant

• NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• NEPHRITIS (ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

• NEPHRITIS (CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)