4/26/23 Review Warm up

For an enzyme to be able to catalyze a reaction, the active site must —

• be occupied by an inhibitor

• increase the activation energy level

• have a complementary shape to the substrate

• cause the enzyme to be destroyed in the reaction

Snowshoe hares can be found living in the Rocky Mountains of New Mexico. During the summer months, when there is no snow on the ground, the snowshoe hare’s coat color is typically brown. During the winter months, when the mountains are covered in snow, the snowshoe hare’s coat is typically white.

Which statement describes the genetic basis for the seasonal changes in coat color?

• The snow causes mutations in the genes that regulate coat color so that snowshoe hares are adapted to their environment during the winter months.

• The genes that control coat color are altered by changes in environmental factors.

• Sunlight causes cancer cells to develop in the bodies of snowshoe hares, resulting in an apparent brown-colored coat as a result of hair loss.

• The genes that control coat color in snowshoe hares are deleted from the genome during the summer months.

When multiple transitional fossils are found in many rock layers, they provide evidence of —

• seasonal variation in the diet of a species

• gradual change of a species over time

• DNA functioning as the genetic material of organisms

• an unchanging environment

A student makes a Venn diagram to compare the functions of carbohydrates and lipids.

Which cellular function of carbohydrates and lipids should be placed in the shared section of the Venn diagram?

• Hormone production

• Structural support of cell walls

• Energy storage

• Catalyst for chemical reactions

In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait. What is the genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?

• Differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes

• Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells

• Differences in the diets of individual cattle

• Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographic areas

When a new mutation occurs in a somatic cell of a sexually reproducing organism, what percentage of the individual’s offspring are likely to inherit the mutation?

• 100%

• 75%

• 25%

• 0%

The diagram shows the major stages of the cell cycle and the percentage of time spent in each phase.

Which statement best describes why a cell spends the majority of its time in interphase?

• The cell is growing and carrying out processes such as metabolism and DNA replication.

• The cell is aging and processes are stopping as lysosomes clear dead cell matter away.

• The cell needs time to synthesize spindle fibers to complete mitosis.

• The cell needs time to complete cytokinesis.

A cellular process is shown. Which statement best describes the significance of this process?

• The process allows organisms to grow and heal.

• The process produces clones of the parent organism.

• The process copies DNA before cell division.

• The process creates genetic variation in the resulting cells.

A new predator of rabbits has been introduced within an ecosystem. This new predator runs faster than the native predators of rabbits. Which statement describes what will most likely occur in the rabbit population due to the introduction of the predator?

• The rabbits will mutate their genes and express genes that increase their speed

• Slower rabbits will develop stronger legs and pass this trait to their offspring.

• Rabbits will mate and produce offspring with a different species that has faster runners

• Faster rabbits will survive and reproduce increasing the average speed of the rabbit population.

Students use a microscope to look for structures present in four different cells. The students placed an X for each structure that was viewed for each cell on the table shown.

Which cell that was viewed is most likely a prokaryote?

• Cell W

• Cell X

• Cell Y

• Cell Z