Ch 11.3

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1. Why was Marius forced to allow volunteers in his army?

• Most of his soldiers had been killed in battle.
• Property-owning citizens no longer wanted to fight long wars far from Rome.
• Most men didn’t have the right weapons and equipment to fight in the army.
• Property-owning citizens were demanding higher pay to serve in the army.

2. Why were Roman armies considered unstoppable?

• Soldiers were treated kindly and were never punished if they failed.
• The armies were small but well trained.
• Roman soldiers had weapons that were better than the weapons of other armies.
• If a Roman army was defeated, Rome would simply send a larger army the next time.

3. Which words best describe Roman armor?

• outdated and ineffective
• complicated and heavy
• attractive but impractical
• simple and light

4. How did being defeated by Carthage at sea improve Rome’s navy?

• The Romans fired their generals and brought in more successful ones.
• Rome and Carthage became allies.
• The Romans added many powerful warships to their navy.
• The Carthaginians gave the Roman navy their unused ships.

5. What were likely to have been Hannibal’s biggest challenges when he crossed the Alps during winter?

• weather and difficult terrain
• enemy attacks and starvation
• poorly trained troops and enemy attacks
• lack of supplies and illness

6. Why was Rome forced to make peace with Macedonia during the First Macedonian War?

• Roman soldiers were no match for the Macedonian phalanx.
• Rome’s army was busy fighting against Philip V and couldn’t battle Hannibal.
• The Roman army needed a fresh supply of weapons and soldiers.
• Rome’s army was busy fighting against Hannibal and couldn’t battle Philip V.

7. Why are Hannibal’s military tactics still studied today?

• Hannibal's mother had dipped him in the River Styx as a baby.
• He was able to defeat the enemy even when he was outnumbered.
• Hannibal's navy lead a decisive victory over control of the island of Sicily.
• He was a master of sea attacks and naval strategies.

8. Which statement is true?

• Rome and Carthage fought the Punic Wars for control of the Black Sea.
• Hispania and Carthage fought the Punic Wars for control of the Mediterranean Sea.
• Rome and Carthage fought the Punic Wars for control of the Mediterranean Sea.
• Hannibal and Scipio fought the Punic Wars for control of the African coast.