Argument Reasonings

Match the following

• source-based information including facts, figures, and details used to support the writer’s ideas.

• Evidence

• a statement that something is true or is a fact, although other people might not believe it.

• Argument

• a coherent series of reasons, statements, or facts intended to support or establish a perspective.

• Claim

• an opposing view; a statement made in response or reply to another

• Counterclaim

Deductive Reasoning begins with a...

• claim

• evidence

• counterclaim

• premise

With deductive reasoning, the arguer leads from one premise to another premise until...

• finding another premises

• the premise is proven true or false

• reaching a conclusion

• showing supportive evidence

_______ tends to sound something like:

“If X is true and Y is true, then Z must also be true.”

• Abductive reasoning

• Inductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning begins with a _____ or a set of observations such as an experiment, a statistic, or a personal experience.

• claim

• specific observation

• conclusion

• evidence

The arguer begins with a specific observation. Then draws a more general conclusion (makes a claim) based on the observation(s). Which type of reasoning is this?

• Deductive

• Inductive

• Abductive

Abductive reasoning begins with an often complete set of data or a specific observation.

• True

• False

Often used to make and test hypotheses using the best information available. Which reasoning is this?

• Abductive

• Inductive

• Deductive

Abductive reasoning occurs often in real life situations, however it is less likely to be used in formal arguments (like speeches or essays) or research.

• True

• False

Match the following examples with the proper reasoning:

• Deductive reasoning

• If X is true, then Y, so Z must also be true.

• Inductive reasoning

• Observation of X (past), therefore Y (future)

• Abductive reasoning

• If we know X then we know Y, then probably Z is true