BIOCEL 01

The ___ performs most of the cell’s intermediate metabolism, which focuses primarily on ______.

• cytosol / catabolism
• mitochondrion / anabolism
• mitochondrion / aerobic glycolysis
• mitochondria / oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)
• cytosol / anabolism

They are non-membrane bound organelles:

• Free ribosomes and cytoskeleton
• Fixed ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus and peroxisomes
• Lysosomes and mitochondria
• Vacuoles and vesicles

Example in which the transport protein molecule becomes embedded in the lipid bilayer.

• Protein traffic from the cytosol into the ER lumen
• Protein traffic from the cytosol into the nucleus
• Intracellular diffusion of small protein molecules
• Vesicular transport
• Protein traffic from ER to Golgi apparatus

______ are responsible for cleaving the stretch amino acid sequence 'sorting signals' from N-terminals of proteins once the sorting process is completed in eukaryotic cells.

• All are correct
• Signal peptidases (SPases)
• Ubiquitous membrane-anchored serine proteases
• Endoplasmic reticulum signal peptidase (ER SPase)
• Mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP)

Evolutionary theory in which eukaryotic cell's organelles (eukaryogenesis) came from a symbiotic origin

• All are correct
• Xenogenus theory
• Merging theory
• Exogenous theory
• Endosymbiotic theory

A eukaryotic cell organelle that depicts a paradigmatic endogenous theory scenario

• Peroxisome
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysosome
• Ribosome
• Cytoskeleton

The evolutionary process that played a major role in the adaptation of organisms to different environments

• All answers are correct
• Morphological differences between the same organelles in different species
• Different enzymatic functions in the same organelles in different cell-types
• Organelle's proteome variabillity across tissues and conditions
• Re-targeting or relocalization of proteins to different compartments

A major process of communication between the compartments that connect the cell with its environment is achieved by:

• Vesicular transport
• Gated transport
• Protein translocation
• Free diffusion of small molecules
• All answers are correct

Membrane trafficking can be divided into two basic pathways based on the direction of travel, exocytosis and endocytosis. The __________ is/are an example of the endocytic pathway.

• All answers are correct
• macropinocytosis
• phagocytosis
• autophagy
• Uptake of vitamins, iron or cholesterol

The_________ vesicles mediate retrograde transport within the Golgi and towards the ER

• Coat protein I (COPI)
• Clathrin-coated
• Coat protein II (COPII)
• protein complexes-caveolins
• All answers are correct