7.1-7.4

The two images illustrate advancements in technology resulting from the Industrial Revolution. Comparing the images, which of the following statements best illustrates an impact of the Industrial Revolution on society?

• Industrialization technologies were applied to agriculture and to the transportation of agricultural products to widespread markets that led to greater food supplies and a surge in the population.

• One major unintended change that came with industrialization was the standardization of time in order to provide nationwide schedules that were an aid to improving the efficiency of train travel in the United States.

• The invention of the steam engine and the construction of steel bridges to carry trains across various physical features led to ever-increasing demand for the materials and labor to build more trains and tracks.

• The Industrial Revolution was largely a change in economic activity that brought wealth to industrialists but did not significantly alter the landscape.

In the context of industrialization, how does the use of the building materials in Image 1 compare to the use of building materials in Image 2 ?

• The change from stone to iron bridges had no impact on industrialization because stone was readily available and stronger than iron.

• The change from stone to iron bridges created a great demand by Europeans for bridges because iron bridges were less expensive to build.

• The scarcity in stone for building bridges facilitated the need to import new materials such as iron, leading to globalization and the rise of industrialization in Europe.

• The development of the metals industry led to the construction of higher and longer bridges, a reduced need for stone as a building material, and rapid industrialization.

Compare the two images. What do the technologies shown demonstrate about the Industrial Revolution?

• The dependence on large quantities of steel has limited industrial growth to areas with high concentration of coal and iron.

• The increased transportation technology has enabled the diffusion and expansion of industrial activities.

• Industrial centers must be built along rivers or waterways to facilitate the transportation of raw materials and finished goods.

• The initial take-off stages of the Industrial Revolution focused solely on heavy, material-oriented industries.

The port of Los Angeles is the busiest port in the United States and a major break-of-bulk point. Which of the following statements correctly explains why Los Angeles is a break-of-bulk point?

• The robotic systems at the port results in fewer workers being required to unload container ships.

• The port can accommodate large container ships that can be unloaded quickly so that containers can be transferred onto carriers that use California’s highway and rail systems.

• The massive warehouses located at the port allow goods from container ships to be stored easily for long periods of time.

• Goods can be transferred to other container ships going to the port of San Francisco.

Which of the following best explains the relationship between GDP per capita and world system theory?

• There is an uneven distribution of economic development and geographical division of labor in the world.

• There is an even distribution of economic development and geographical division of labor in the world.

• The countries with the highest GDP are also those with primary economic activities.

• The countries with the lowest GDP are those with tertiary economic activities.

Which of the following explains the spatial patterns of economic development for most countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam?

• Most Southeast Asian countries are considered to be part of the semiperiphery because of the extensive growth of the secondary economic sector.

• Most Southeast Asian countries are considered to be part of the semiperiphery because of the dominance of the primary economic sector.

• Most Southeast Asian countries are considered to be part of the periphery because of the dominance of the tertiary economic sector.

• Most Southeast Asian countries are considered to be part of the periphery because of the dominance of the secondary economic sector.

Using the data in the table, which of the following explains a limitation of using gross national income (GNI) per capita as the only measure of a country's level of development?

• A country can have a positive trade balance that is not calculated in the gross national income.

• A country can have a high level of economic and social development that is not reflected in annual production and trade data.

• A country with a high level of economic and social development will not have a GNI per capita below $40,000.

• A country that produces a large amount of agricultural exports will not have a high GNI per capita.

Which of the following statements explains one of the limitations associated with utilizing the measures of development shown in the table above?

• Gross national income per capita allows for the comparison of the wealth level in a country on a per-person basis. Therefore, the relative wealth of the population in China and Namibia can be compared.

• All the statistics measure economic aspects of development and fail to measure social aspects of development. Frequently, social aspects of development are just as important as economic.

• The Gender Inequality Index measures aspects of gender disparity for married women.

• All the statistics aggregate data to the country level. Frequently, there is a great deal of variation in development within countries that is hidden by aggregated data.

Based on the data in the table, which of the following statements is accurate?

• The HDI and GII are directly related; as one increases so does the other.

• As economic development increases, the percent of women in the workforce increases.

• Increased levels of economic development often conceal gender inequities.

• Gender equality is closely tied to cultural norms and not affected by economic conditions.

Using the data in the table, which of the following explains a limitation of using gross national income (GNI) per capita as the only measure of a country's level of development?

• A country can have a positive trade balance that is not calculated in the gross national income.

• A country can have a high level of economic and social development that is not reflected in annual production and trade data.

• A country with a high level of economic and social development will not have a GNI per capita below $40,000.

• A country that produces a large amount of agricultural exports will not have a high GNI per capita.