Statistics and Probability PSSA Review

As of 2012, there have been 8 players in the history of professional baseball who have each hit more than 600 home runs in his career. There have been over 15,000 professional baseball players throughout the history of professional baseball. Which term best describes the likelihood that a randomly chosen professional baseball player has hit more than 600 home runs in his career?

• impossible

• unlikely

• neither unlikely or likely

• likely

Which statement best describes a random sample of all students in a middle school? 

• Of all the students who are on the track team, the first three to finish a race are selected.

• Of all the students who are in the drama club, every third student on the roster is selected.

• Of all the students who complete an assignment, the first, third, and tenth students are selected.

• Of all the students who attend a school-wide assembly, those sitting in every third seat are selected.

Customers in two randomly selected groups at a yogurt shop are asked their preference of yogurt flavors. The responses for the customers in each group are summarized in the table.

Based on the information shown in the table, which statement best describes the preferences of the customers in the two groups?

• In both groups, more customers prefer peach-flavored yogurt than either of the other two flavors.

• In both groups, fewer customers prefer vanilla-flavored yogurt than either of the other two flavors.

•  In group 2, the same number of customers prefer strawberry-flavored yogurt and vanilla-flavored yogurt.

•  In group 1, more customers prefer either strawberry-flavored yogurt or vanilla-flavored yogurt than peach-flavored yogurt.

Two teams sold the same item for a fundraiser. The number of sales by each team member is shown in the line plots.

Based on the line plots, which statement is true?

• No team member from team B had more sales than any team member from team A.

• Every team member from team A had more sales than 50% of the team members from team.

• At least one team member from each team had the median number of sales for his or her team.

• The range for the number of sales for team A is equal to the greatest number of sales for team B.

The miles-per-gallon averages for random samples of cars and of small trucks are shown in the box-and-whisker plots.

Based on the box-and-whisker plots, which statement about the miles-per-gallon averages of the cars and small trucks is most likely true?

• About 50% of the cars and 50% of the small trucks get between 18 and 27 miles per gallon.

• About 50% of the cars and 25% of the small trucks get between 25 and 33 miles per gallon.

• About 75% of the cars get a greater average number of miles per gallon than any small truck in the small truck sample.

• About 75% of the small trucks get a lesser average number of miles per gallon than the least number of average miles per gallon of any car in the car sample.

Using data from car sales, probabilities for the color of a car sold were calculated. The probabilities for two colors are listed.

•The probability a car sold is white is 0.21. 

•The probability a car sold is black is 0.19.

Based on these probabilities, how many of the next 200 cars sold are likely to be white and how many are likely to be black?

• white: 11 black: 10

• white: 21 black: 19

• white: 42 black: 38

• white: 80 black: 80

Some of the squares on the grid below are shaded.

One square on the grid is randomly selected. What is the probability that the square is not shaded?

Charlene has 12 plastic cups. Of the 12 plastic cups, 3 are green, 4 are red, and 5 are blue. She stacks the cups into a single stack in random order. What is the probability that the cup on top of the stack is not green?

Keisha has a bag containing blue, green, orange, and red marbles. The number of marbles of each color is shown in the table below.

Keisha randomly selects 1 marble from the bag, records its color, and returns the marble to the bag. She does this three times. What is the probability Keisha selects a red marble, then a green marble, and then a blue or orange marble?