Unit 9 AP CSP Advanced

1. How does citizen science differ from traditional scientific research?

• Citizen science relies solely on professional scientists
• Citizen science involves a centralized approach
• Citizen science is conducted by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists
• Citizen science does not involve data collection

2. What is the main purpose of cleaning data?

• To remove data bias
• To make the data uniform without changing its meaning
• To filter out unnecessary data
• To ensure data confidentiality

3. Analyze the concept of correlation. What does it imply about the relationship between two pieces of data?

• A causal relationship
• A relationship where one piece of data does not affect the other
• A relationship where one piece of data varies in relation to the other
• No relationship at all

4. What advantage does crowdsourcing offer over traditional methods of obtaining input or information?

• Faster and more efficient data collection
• Access to a smaller and more focused group of people
• More accurate and unbiased data collection
• Input or information from a large number of people via the Internet

5. In the context of data analysis, what is the primary difference between information and raw data?

• Information is the raw data collected
• Information is the collection of facts and patterns extracted from data
• Raw data is the cleaned and filtered version of information
• Information is the process of data cleaning

6. How can data bias impact the validity of a study?

• By accurately reflecting the full population or phenomenon being studied
• By not accurately reflecting the full population or phenomenon being studied
• By making the data uniform without changing its meaning
• By eliminating certain rows in a table

7. What is the main goal of data filtering in the context of data analysis?

• To ensure data accuracy
• To make the data uniform without changing its meaning
• To obtain input or information from a large number of people via the Internet
• To choose a smaller subset of a data set to use for analysis

8. How can citizen science contribute to the advancement of scientific research?

• By limiting data collection to professional scientists
• By involving distributed individuals who contribute relevant data using their own computing devices
• By centralizing data analysis and interpretation
• By relying on a smaller group of people for input and information

9. Why is data cleaning an essential step in the data analysis process?

• To ensure that data accurately reflects the full population or phenomenon being studied
• To improve the quality and reliability of the data by making it uniform
• To filter out unnecessary data for analysis
• To establish a causal relationship between two pieces of data

10. How can crowdsourcing be applied in the context of citizen science?

• By obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet
• By restricting data collection to professional scientists
• By focusing on centralized data analysis and interpretation
• By limiting data collection to a small group of individuals