
Chapter 12: Concepts of Disaster Preparedness

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Science
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University
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Medium
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Katelynn Dunlap
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18 questions
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1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
5 mins • 1 pt
A hospital responds to a local mass casualty event. What action would the nurse supervisor take to prevent staff posttraumatic
stress disorder during and after the event?
Provide water and healthy snacks for energy throughout the event.
Schedule 16-hour shifts to allow for greater rest between shifts.
Encourage counseling upon deactivation of the emergency response plan.
Assign staff to different roles and units within the medical facility.
Answer explanation
To prevent staff posttraumatic stress disorder during a mass casualty event, the nurses would use available counseling, encourage
and support co-workers, monitor each other’s stress level and performance, take breaks when needed, talk about feelings with staff
and managers, and drink plenty of water and eat healthy snacks for energy. Nurses would also keep in touch with family, friends,
and significant others, and not work for more than 12 hours/day. Encouraging counseling upon deactivation of the plan, or after the
emergency response is over, does not prevent stress during the casualty event. Assigning staff to unfamiliar roles or units may
increase situational stress and is not an approach to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder. These actions also help mitigate PTSD
after the event.
2.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
5 mins • 1 pt
A client who is hospitalized with burns after losing the family home in a fire becomes angry and screams at a nurse when dinner is
served late. How would the nurse respond?
“Do you need something for pain right now?”
“Please stop yelling. I brought dinner as soon as I could.”
“I suggest that you get control of yourself.”
“You seem upset. I have time to talk if you’d like.”
Answer explanation
Clients would be allowed to ventilate their feelings of anger and despair after a catastrophic event. The nurse establishes rapport
through active listening and honest communication and by recognizing cues that the client wishes to talk. Asking whether the client
is in pain as the first response closes the door to open communication and limits the client’s options. Simply telling the client to
stop yelling and to gain control does nothing to promote therapeutic communication.
3.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
5 mins • 1 pt
A nurse is field-triaging clients after an industrial accident. Which client condition would the nurse triage with a red tag?
Dislocated right hip and an open fracture of the right lower leg
Large contusion to the forehead and a bloody nose
Closed fracture of the right clavicle and arm numbness
Multiple fractured ribs and shortness of breath
Answer explanation
Clients who have an immediate threat to life are given the highest priority, are placed in the emergent or class I category, and are
given a red triage tag. The client with multiple rib fractures and shortness of breath has a threat to oxygenation and is the most
critical. The client with the hip and leg problem and the client with the clavicle fracture would be classified as class II (urgent,
yellow tag); these major but stable injuries can wait for 30 minutes to 2 hours for definitive care. The client with facial wounds
would be considered the “walking wounded” and classified as nonurgent (class III, green tag).
4.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
5 mins • 1 pt
An emergency department (ED) charge nurse prepares to receive clients from a mass casualty within the community. What is the
role of this nurse during the event?
Ask nursing staff to discharge clients from the medical-surgical units in order to
make room for critically injured victims.
Call additional medical-surgical and critical care nursing staff to come to the
hospital to assist when victims are brought in.
Inform the incident commander at the mass casualty scene about how many
victims may be handled by the ED.
Direct medical-surgical and critical care nurses to assist with clients currently in
the ED while emergency staff prepare to receive the mass casualty victims.
Answer explanation
The ED charge nurse would direct additional nursing staff to help care for current ED clients while the ED staff prepares to receive
mass casualty victims; however, they would not be assigned to the most critically ill or injured clients. The hospital incident
commander’s role is to take a global view of the entire situation and facilitate patient movement through the system, while bringing
in personnel and supply resources to meet patient needs. The medical command physician would kept the incident commander
informed about victims and capacity of the ED.
5.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
5 mins • 1 pt
An emergency department manager wants to mitigate the possible acute and chronic stress after mass casualty events in the staff.
What action would the manager take?
Encourage all staff to join a Disaster Medical Assistance Team.
Instruct all staff members to prepare go bags for all family members.
Use available resources for broad education and training in disaster management.
Provide incentives and bonuses for responding to mass casualty events.
Answer explanation
Research indicates that education and training in disaster management before an incident occurs is associated with improved
confidence and better coping after the incident. Go bags are important to maintain for all family members but would not be
effective in mitigating stress. A DMAT is a medical relief team made up of civilian medical, paraprofessional, and support
personnel that is deployed to a disaster area with enough medical equipment and supplies to sustain operations for 72 hours.
Incentives and bonuses will not help mitigate stress.
6.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
5 mins • 1 pt
A nurse is caring for a client whose spouse died in a recent mass casualty accident. The client says, “I can’t believe that my spouse
is gone and I am left to raise my children all by myself.” How would the nurse respond?
“Please accept my sympathies for your loss.”
“I can call the hospital chaplain if you wish.”
“You sound anxious about being a single parent.”
“At least your children still have you in their lives.”
Answer explanation
Therapeutic communication includes active listening and honesty. This statement demonstrates that the nurse recognizes the
client’s distress and has provided an opening for discussion. Extending sympathy and offering to call the chaplain do not give the
client the opportunity to discuss feelings. Stating that the children still have one parent discounts the client’s feelings and situation.
7.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
5 mins • 1 pt
A nurse cares for victims during a community-wide disaster drill. One of the victims asks, “Why are the individuals with black tags
not receiving any care?” How does the nurse respond?
“To do the greatest good for the greatest number of people, it is necessary to
sacrifice some.”
“Not everyone will survive a disaster, so it is best to identify those people early
and move on.”
“In a disaster, extensive resources are not used for one person at the expense of
many others.”
“With black tags, volunteers can identify those who are dying and can give them
comfort care.”
Answer explanation
In a disaster, military-style triage is used; this approach identifies the dead or expectant dead with black tags. This practice helps to
maintain the goal of triage, which is doing the most good for the most people. Precious resources are not used for those with
overwhelming critical injury or illness, so that they can be allocated to others who have a reasonable expectation of survival.
Victims are not “sacrificed.” Telling victims that is important to move on after identifying the expectant dead does not provide an
adequate explanation and is callous. Victims are not black-tagged to allow volunteers to give comfort care.
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