CAST Review (PT I)

Students are given an assignment to design a simulation that will model effects of human activity on biodiversity in a particular town. A student decides to model changes in the biodiversity of bird species caused by human activity in a forested park next to the school. The park is home to many native bird species. Near the park is a housing development and an industrial area.

What three components should the students include in their simulation to best understand the effects of human activity on biodiversity?

• size of the park

• annual rainfall in the town

• number of native bird species in the park

• projected population growth in the town

• number of native herbivore species in the park

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

Students are discussing a model of a system that consists of two parallel conducting plates (called a capacitor) separated by a distance of d and a positively charged sphere directly in the middle of the two plates. The upper plate has a positive charge, and the lower plate has a negative charge.

In which direction should the charged sphere move to increase the energy stored in the system?

• to the left with an external force

• to the right with an external force

• toward the positive plate with an external force

• toward the negative plate with an external force

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-3

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

A student performs an experiment in which a cart is pulled across a table by exerting a net force of 0.05 N on the cart. Different amounts of mass are added to the cart for each trial. The graph shows data from the experiment.

Based on the results from the experiment, what claim can the student make about the relationship between net force, acceleration, and mass?

• Objects with smaller mass experience a larger acceleration and therefore a larger net force.

• Objects with larger mass experience a smaller acceleration and therefore a smaller net force.

• Objects with larger mass experience a smaller acceleration when the net force is the same.

• Objects with smaller mass experience a smaller acceleration when the net force is the same.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Students noticed that a nearby pond, fed by a single stream, was filling up with sediment. The students want to determine what factors are contributing to the amount and type of sediment entering the pond. Which investigations most likely to produce data that will help answer their questions?

• Measure the depth of the sediments in the center of the pond once a week during the school year.

• Collect and measure the mass of particles carried by the stream in one minute and then in ten minutes.

• Collect and measure the mass of clay particles, silt particles, sand grains, and small pebbles carried by the stream at different stream flow velocities.

• Obtain samples from different depths in the sediments at the bottom of the pond and determine how the sizes and amounts of particles have changed over time.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Students use the periodic table to predict reactions between different elements and elemental bromine (Br₂). An incomplete equation for the reaction between an element and Br₂ is shown. Bromine atoms have seven valence electrons.

______ + Br₂ -> _______

Based on the number of valence electrons of elements in a compound, which is an ionic compound that can form in a reaction between an element and Br₂?

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

The leaf beetle, Chrysomela aeneicollis, lives in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Scientists studying the beetles found that exposure to high temperatures during the summer, when the eggs are laid and the larvae are developing, causes physiological stress. The impact is on metabolic enzymes and heat shock protein expression. One allele, Pgi-4, increased in frequency in the beetle population that was exposed to hotter, drier summers in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

If the temperatures in the Sierra Nevada Mountains continue to increase, the frequency of the Pgi-4 allele is expected to _____________.

• increase

• decrease

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

The leaf beetle, Chrysomela aeneicollis, lives in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Scientists studying the beetles found that exposure to high temperatures during the summer, when the eggs are laid and the larvae are developing, causes physiological stress. The impact is on metabolic enzymes and heat shock protein expression. One allele, Pgi-4, increased in frequency in the beetle population that was exposed to hotter, drier summers in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

The change in the Pgi-4 allele would be due to _____________.

• natural selection

• artificial selection

• gene flow

• genetic drift

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Students are investigating the relationship between human population density and biodiversity. The amount of forestcover was used as a measure of the biodiversity of an area. The students averaged human population density andforest cover from locations with a range of population densities. The graph shows the students' results.

Based on the graph, if the population density increases from 1 to 500 people/km², the forest cover will likely __________ in that area.

• decrease by about 50%

• decrease by about 500 km

• double in size

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Students are investigating the relationship between human population density and biodiversity. The amount of forest cover was used as a measure of the biodiversity of an area. The students averaged human population density and forest cover from locations with a range of population densities. The graph shows the students' results.

The students identified four resource management strategies intended to help preserve forest cover and maintain biodiversity. The students then ran computer simulations to graphically compare the different resource management strategies. Which graph shows results for a resource management strategy that will best preserve forest cover as population density increases?

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Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

The reaction A₂(g) + 2AB(g) → 2A₂B(g) is carried out in a closed, 1.0 L container. The diagram shows the relative amounts of A, and AB used for the reaction.

Assuming the reaction is complete, which of the following represents the number of molecules A₂B that will be produced?

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Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5