Pediatric Cardiology

Positive inotropic medications work by

• increasing the force of ventricular contraction

• increasing the conduction speed in the AV node

• increasing the heart rate

• decreasing the conduction speed in the AV node

Generally, all inotropic medications work to improve cardiac contraction by increasing intracellular concentrations of

Which of the following is an endogenous catecholamine precursor of epinephrine?

• Dopamine

• Amiodarone

• Isoproterenol

• Milrinone

• Digoxin

In children, dobutamine mainly affects

• Beta 2 adrenergic receptors

• Beta 1 adrenergic receptors

• Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

• Alpha 2 receptors

• Beta 3 adrenergic receptors

What is unique in the neonate compared to infants and older children?

• Neonates have less acid secretion in the stomach

• Neonates have more acid secretion in the stomach

• GI transit time in neonates is slower

• GI transit time in older children is more rapid

At moderate concentrations, dopamine affects

• Beta1 receptors

• Beta2 receptors

• Alpha1 receptors

• Beta3 receptors

• Alpha2 receptors

What is shock?

• Inadequate delivery of oxygen to tissues

• Low blood pressure

• MAP < 65

• inadequate delivery of CO2 and HCO3 to tissues

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

How does a child compensate for low cardiac output?

• Increase heart rate

• Increase SVR

• Increase heart rate and increase SVR

• Increase heart rate and decrease SVR

• Decrease SVR

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Most common presentation of pediatric shock?

What is the most common cause of distributive shock in children?

• Toxicologic

• Sepsis

• Anaphylaxis

• Adrenal

• Neurogenic