Sports Physiology

Agent 007 seems to be in an intense training session. Based on the picture, which of his parameter do you think is most likely being measured?

• Heart beats

• Body muscle percentage

• VO2 max

• Lactate threshold

The average VO2 max requirement for women is lower than for men. Based on their body composition, which component do you think causes this difference?

• Women have more storage fat and hence need less oxygen for energy

• Men have less essential fat and hence need more oxygen for energy

• Men have higher muscle content hence need more oxygen for energy

• None of the above

Usain Bolt is the fastest 100 m sprinter and Eliud Kipchoge is the fastest marathoner on the planet. Which energy systems do you think they are primarily using while sporting?

• Bolt– Aerobic, Kipchoge – Anaerobic glycolysis

• Bolt – Anaerobic glycolysis, Kipchoge – Aerobic

• Bolt – Aerobic, Kipchoge – Creatine phosphate (CP)

• Bolt– Creatine phosphate (CP), Kipchoge - Aerobic

There are two types of Yo-Yo Intemittent Recovey tests, Yo-Yo IR1 and Yo-Yo IR2. Based on the graph shown, which one do you think is higher in intensity and why?

• Yo-Yo IR1 because it indicative of using anaerobic energy system

• Yo-Yo IR2 because it indicative of using aerobic energy system

• Yo-Yo IR1 because it is indicative of using aerobic energy system

• Yo-Yo IR2 because it is indicative of using anaerobic energy system

Muscle fibers (muscle cells) are made up of myofibrils. These myofibrils have the myofilaments : actin and myosin. The contraction of the muscles happens due to the contraction of sarcomere. This is in turn a consequence of the reduction in actual length of the actin and myosin filaments.

• True

• False

As per the sliding filament theory, muscle contraction happens due to the sliding of the thin and thick filaments over each other (see image). Which of the following is true as seen from the image:

• The dark bands represent the myosin filaments

• The light bands represent the actin filaments

• The myosin filaments maintain their length

• The actin filaments decrease in length

• Points 1,2,3

Rigor Mortis is a condition after death when the body stiffens. Aerobic respiration ceases and hence supply of oxygen for ATP production ceases. Based on the myosin-actin interactions shown, how would you explain this stiffening:

• Since no ATP is available, the muscles are relaxed and there is no contraction

• The muscles are already contracted, but the actin and myosin filaments are unable to detach due to lack of ATP and hence the muscles are unable to relax

• The myosin head is in high energy configuration and is unable to pull the actin filament any further

• The actin and myosin filaments are unable to interact since tropomyosin blocks the binding sites

You can obseve Bolt (sprinter) has bulkier skeletal muscles than Kipchoge (Endurance runner). What do you think is the reason?