Core Themes of Dental Public Health

Local health department was requested to arrange weekly polio vaccination camps in the local community by a group of individuals. Which of the following best describes the given explanation?

• Normative need

• Express need

• Felt need

• Comparative need

• Esteem need

Ideal for studying chronic diseases, where the cause is often unknown but the outcome is determined by a combination of multiple factors. Which of the concepts of causation best describes the given explanation?

• Multifactorial causation

• Epidemiologic triad

• Germ theory of disease

• Web of causation

• Germ theory of illness

Which of the following statement is relevant to monitoring?

• Performance and analysis of routine measurements for detecting changes

• Termination of all transmission of infection

• Interruption of transmission of disease

• Continuous scrutiny of the factors that determine the occurrence of disease

• Ongoing operations aimed at reducing the disease incidence

Which of the following statement is true about primordial prevention?

• Action taken prior to the onset of disease

• Action which halts the progress of disease at early stage

• Main intervention is through individual and mass education

• All measures available to reduce or limit impairment

• Intervention are early diagnosis and adequate treatment

Which of the following is an example of multifactorial causation?

• The development of cancer, which can be influenced by genetics, lifestyle factors, and environmental factors.

• The occurrence of heart disease, which can be influenced by diet, exercise, genetics, and stress.

• The prevalence of obesity, which can be influenced by genetics, diet, exercise, and socioeconomic status.

• Type 2 diabetes is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

• All of the above

According to the concept of causation in disease, what is true?

• Disease occurrence is solely determined by genetics

• Environmental factors have minimal impact on health outcomes

• Lifestyle choices are the primary determinants of disease

• Diseases often result from a complex interplay of factors

• Disease causation can always be traced back to a single source

What does the concept of causation in disease emphasize?

• Genetic determinism

• The insignificance of lifestyle choices

• The exclusivity of environmental influences

• The multifactorial nature of disease etiology

• The unpredictability of disease occurrence

Which of the following statements best aligns with WHO guidelines regarding health indicators?

• Indicators must be subjective and adaptable to various contexts.

• Indicators should prioritize feasibility over validity and reliability.

• Indicators must be valid, reliable, objective, sensitive, specific, feasible, and relevant.

• Indicators should prioritize sensitivity and specificity over validity and reliability.

Which of the following best describes avoidable health inequalities?

• Inequalities that are inherent and unavoidable due to genetic factors.

• Inequalities that arise solely from uncontrollable environmental factors.

• Inequalities that can be reduced or eliminated through interventions or policies.

• Inequalities that result from random chance and cannot be influenced by policies.

Which of the following statements best describes the common risk factor approach?

• It focuses on addressing individual-level risk factors to prevent health issues.

• It emphasizes targeting specific diseases rather than shared risk factors.

• It recognizes that many health conditions share common underlying risk factors.

• It advocates for interventions that only target one specific risk factor at a time.