AP BIO UNIT 4

When looking at cell communication, the most important thing to observe is

• The signals or molecules being used for communication between cells

• The ability of the cell to divide

• The shape of the cell

• The size of the cell

Paracrine signaling

• occurs between adjacent cells

• Cells release signaling molecules

• Binding of molecules to receptors on target cells

• Cellular response is triggered

Select all that apply to synaptic signaling

• Signaling molecules bind to receptors on target cells

• Signaling molecules are released into the bloodstream

• Signaling occurs over long distances

• Signaling occurs between adjacent cells

• Signaling involves the release of neurotransmitters

Select all that apply to endocrine signaling

• Signaling occurs between adjacent cells

• Signaling occurs over long distances

• Signaling molecules are released into the bloodstream

• Signaling molecules bind to receptors on target cells

• Signaling involves the release of hormones

• Paracrine signaling

• synaptic signaling

• endocrine signaling

• Paracrine signaling

• synaptic signaling

• endocrine signaling

Three basic steps of cell signaling

• reception

• transduction

• response

• integration

• translation

• Paracrine signaling

• synaptic signaling

• endocrine signaling

What happens during reception in cell-signaling

• During reception in cell signaling, a signaling molecule (ligand) binds to a specific receptor on the surface of a target cell or inside the cell

• During reception, the signaling molecule is internalized into the cell

• During reception, the receptor activates an unrelated signaling pathway

What happens during transduction

• the receptor activates an unrelated signaling pathway that does not contribute to the cellular response

• the downstream signaling cascade leads to the degradation of the signaling molecule, preventing the intended cellular response

• the activated receptor does not efficiently propagate the signal, leading to a weak or ineffective cellular response.

• he signal from the ligand-receptor complex is converted into a form that can be relayed and amplified inside the cell, often through a series of protein interactions and signaling cascades.