Introduction

What type of cell is it?

• Prokaryote

• Eukaryote

• Virus

Answer explanation

A prokaryote has...

• Organelles

• Nucleous

• Ribosomes

• Cytoplasmic membrane

• Nucleoid

No pathogenic _____ has been discovered so far.

• archaea

• bacteria

• virus

• fungi

• protist

The cell walls of Archaea...

• lack of peptidoglycan

• is mostly composed of chitin

• is 95% peptidoglycan

• is mostly composed of cellulose

Answer explanation

Every affirmation is true, except:

• Microrganisms help maintain a balance between living organisms and the environment

• Microorganisms can be used commercially

• Microbes are absent from animals' and humans' intestines

• Only a small portion is pathogenic

Why can many bacteria rapidly grow under the correct nutrient and environmental conditions?

• They have more efficient enzymes than higher organisms

• They are small and have a high surface area/volume ratio

• They divide by binary fission

• They have more efficient DNA transciption mechanisms

What is a photoautotroph?

• An organism that gets its carbon from carbon dioxide

• An organism that gets its carbon from carbon dioxide and its energy from light

• An organism that gets its energy from light, its carbon from carbon dioxide and uses oxygen as electron acceptor

• An organism that gets its energy from light

Microorganisms having the ability to adapt readily to the often rapid changes in O2 availability are...

• Facultative aerobes

• aerotolerant anaerobes

• microaerophiles

• all are correct

With which metabolism is a higher amount of energy in the form of ATP obtained?

• Sulfate reduction

  (H₂+SO₄^2-)

• Methanogenesis

  (H₂+CO₂)

• Sulfur oxidation and nitrate reduction

  (SH₂+NO₃^-)

• Iron oxidation and nitrate reduction

  (Fe²⁺ + NO₃^-)

Answer explanation

The reduced substance with the greatest tendency to donate electrons would be found at the top of the tower, while the oxidized substance with the greatest tendency to accept electrons would be found at the bottom of the tower. Redox couples in the middle can serve as either electron donors or acceptors, depending upon what substance they partner with for a reaction. The larger the value for ΔEº', the more potential energy for a cell. Larger values are derived when there is the biggest distance between the donor and the acceptor (or a bigger fall down the tower).

What process generates the most ATP?

• Anaerobic cellular respiration

• Fermentation

• Aerobic cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis