deform

the expression of force applied to a unit area of surface.

ratio of force ocer area.

which undergoes a deformation when subjected to an external loading.

undergoes a continuous deformation during the period of loading.

does not undergo any deformation.

are expressed as the ratio of the applied force divided by the resisting area.

the applied force is perpendicular to the resisting area.

the applied forces is parallel to the resisting are

it is the contact pressure bet. separate bodues.

applied to bar tends the bar to elongate.