Cardiovascular & Immune System

The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its effect on blood flow?

• A high viscosity of blood causes an increased resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blodd flow.

• A low blood pH decreases the rate of diffusion through the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow.

• The changing of the shape of red blood cells to a crescent shape deceases resistance and lead to a faster blood flow.

• The narrowing of blood vessels increases pressure and leads to a faster blood flow.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-2

What causes blood pressure?

• Cholesterol in the blood

• Stress that exercise puts on heart muscle

• Contraction of the ventricles in the heart

• Removal of oxygen from the blood.

Answer explanation

When the ventricles contract the pump out the blood into the arteries, thus causing the pressure to flow through.

Which of the following factors would most directly affect blood flow through the circulatory system?

• Blood pressure

• Blood sugar

• Respiratory Rate

• Outside Temperature

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

In arteriosclerosis, hardened arteries cannot expand to handle the blood that enters the vessel when the heart contracts. Therefore, pressure _____ in the artery and causes the heart to work ______.

• increase, more

• decreases, less

• decreases, more

• incease, less

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The diagram illustrates how the diameter of an artery can change over a period of time. How does the change in the diameter of the artery affect the flow of blood?

• decreases the flow of blood due to a decrease in the diameter fo the artery

• increases the flow of blood due to an increase in the diameter of the artery

• decreases the diameter of the artery but the flow of blood is not affected

• increases the diameter of the artery but the flow of blood is not affected

Which action will increase blood flow throughout the body?

• dilation of blood vessels

• constriction of blood vessels

• increase in blood sugar levels

• decrease in blood temperature

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following describes a way that a person's health can be affected by heredity?

• A person with a family history of obesity is more likely to catch a common cold.

• A person with a family history of high blood pressure is more likely to have heart disease.

• A person with a family history of obesity is less likely to enroll in a weight loss plan.

• A person with a family history of cancer is less likely to be screened for cancer.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

When a pathogen invades the body, the cells of the immune system act to attack and remove the pathogen. However, when functioning properly, the immune system will not attack the body's cells. How does the immune system differentiate a pathogen from human body cells?

• Pathogens have especially weak cell membranes that the immune system can break.

• Pathogens and body cells have different surface proteins, or antigens, that the immune system recognizes.

• Body cells release a variety of chemicals that deactivate the immune system

• Pathogens are significantly smaller and reproduce more rapidly than body cells.

Answer explanation

Body cells have different antigens than pathogen. In this picture the pathogen is representing a pointy triangle. A body cell antigen may have a rounded antigen.

Which substances may form in the human body due to invaders entering the blood?

• vaccines

• nutrients

• antibodies

• red blood cells

Which is an example of a non-specific immune response?

• I only

• II only

• I and II only

• I, II, and III