Evolution (chpt 16 review)

Homologous structures

• are acquired through use and disuse

• similar structures with different functions that come from same embryonic tissue

• structures that have similar functions but different structures

• inherited structures that have lost most of their original function

Answer explanation

Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce

• fitness

• diversity

• adaptation

• evolution

Answer explanation

When a dog breeder chooses to breed a dog that does not shed with a dog that does not require grooming the breeder is following the principle of

• acquired characteristics

• descent with modification

• artificial selection

• natural selection

Answer explanation

When a HUMAN chooses to breed two organisms that is ARTIFICIAL selection

Darwin realized some finches on the Galapagos Islands had longer thinner beaks and ate bugs out of the bark of trees while others had thicker shorter beaks and ate large seeds from the ground. This happened because

• the birds originally came from different places

• beaks are vestigial structures

• organisms eventually adapt to their environments

• artificial selection occurred

Answer explanation

Different species that have similar physical characteristics come from the same ancestor is the principle of

• survival of the fittest

• natural selection

• acquired characteristics

• common descent

Answer explanation

Both artificial selection and natural selection rely on

• lack of competition within species

• natural variations that are present in species

• animals that have the ability to interbreed

• the lack of competition within species

Answer explanation

Both natural and artificial selection are based on variations seen in an organism.

Differences:

Artificial = humans decide

Natural = nature decides

Which of the following are sources of evidence that helped Darwin develop his theory of evolution by natural selection? (Hint there are THREE answers!!)

• fossil record

• homologous structures

• similarities in embryos

• species that are perfect and unchanging

Answer explanation

DNA evidence supports the theory of natural selection because

• it shows DNA is unchanging over time

• it shows the genetic code for every organism is vastly different

• it shows acquired traits are passed down to offspring

• it shows there is a universal genetic code

Answer explanation

All organism have some form of this code in their DNA. The more similar the code the closer they are related.

Darwin realized organism that survived in any specific environment must have which of the following...

• be well suited for the environment due to variations

• poses the best traits for the environment

• develop traits during their lifetime in order to survive

• inherit traits from parents which allow them to survive

Answer explanation

Terms to look for:

-Best suited

-variation

-inherited traits

-adaptations

Fossils are

• found for every organism that ever lived

• rocks shaped like animals

• preserved remains of organism who lived long ago

• the only evidence of Evolution

Answer explanation