Anatomy Module H Quiz

What is a less common respiratory device / organ

• external / internal gills

• swim bladder / lungs

• skin / buccopharyngeal mucosa

• cloacal lining

Answer explanation

since the cloaca is not present in some fish and most mammals, the cloacal lining is not a common respiratory device

where does gas exchange occur in sharks

• demibranch

• gill filaments

• interbranchial septum

• gill rakers

• Gill bar/gill ray

Answer explanation

demibranch is in the walls of all gill chambers (except caudal wall of 5th gill chamber)

Gill filaments are on the demibranch and have gill lamallae with capillary beds where gas exchange occurs

Interbranchial septum separate each gill pouch and ends at a flap valve

gill rakers are gill arch projections that protect the lamellae from water particles

Gill bars are composed of the gill arch, blood vessels, nerves, muscles and integument

which statements describe a physoclistous swim bladder

• independent of esophagus (no duct) and is not respiratory in function, has buoyancy function

• specialized for marine dwellers and can hear or produce sounds

• connect to the esophagus by a pneumatic duct

• primitive and unspecialized duct for freshwater dwellers

Answer explanation

the other two statements apply to the other type of swim bladder, the physostomous swim bladder

what is NOT a function of a swim bladder

• homeostatic

• hydrostatic (regulating specific gravity)

• hearing

• sound production

• respiration

Answer explanation

hearing = by way of pressure waves transmitted via swim bladder and small bones called the Webrian ossicles

sound production = by muscles attached to the swim bladder contract to move air between 'sub - chambers' of the bladder

Respiration = subdivisons or septa increase surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between bladder and blood

who's respiratory system is composed of 9 accessory air sacs

• reptiles

• mammals

• urodeles

• birds

Answer explanation

air sacs are for ventilation and not respiration:

1 interclavicular sac

2 cervical sacs

2 anterior thoracic sacs

2 posterior thoracic sacs

2 abdominal sacs

TRUE OR FALSE:

Mammals make use of a 2 cycle crosscurrent flow ventilation, with 2 inhalations and exhalations to circulate air throughout the air sacs and lungs

• True

• False

Answer explanation

this ventilation is seen in birds and not mammals

which form of gas exchange do the medium containing gas and blood flow in opposite directions

• countercurrent

• cross current

• uniform pool

Answer explanation

countercurrent is seen in gills

cross current, perpendicular flow directions like in avian lungs

uniform pool is generally parallel like in mammalian lungs

Which side of the lung has more lobes

• left

• right

• neither, they have the same amount

Answer explanation

4 in ruminants and 3 in horse / humans

2 lobes in the left lung for both ruminants, horses and humans