Bacteria and Viruses 4AC 11A

4C Which statement best describes how a virus replicates?

• A virus divides into two identical virus particles before infecting the host cell.

• A virus enters a host cell and uses the materials from the host cell to produce new virus particles.

• Multiple virus particles fuse and form a large particle that breaks apart, releasing new virus particles.

• Multiple virus particles break down in component parts, which then reassemble into new copies of the virus.

4A. A prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are shown.

Which characteristic best distinguishes these cells as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

• The organization of the genetic material

• The location of the cytoplasm

• The role of the cell membrane

• The function of the flagella

4C. A table comparing the characteristics of four samples is shown.

Which sample most likely contains viruses?

• Sample 1

• Sample 2

• Sample 3

• Sample 4

11A. In a recent study, scientists investigated the effects of microorganisms naturally found in the body. They raised mice in two different environments and compared their immune system functions in response to a bacterial infection. Their data are shown.

Which conclusion about the microorganisms naturally found in the body is most likely supported by these data?

• All microorganisms are harmful to the body.

• Microorganisms are important in promoting healthy immune systems.

• All bacteria in the body increase the effectiveness of the immune system.

• Bacteria that cause infections decrease the number and variety of immune cells in the body.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

4A. Students created note cards comparing characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Which set of note cards most accurately compares these cells?

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4C. Materials are provided to students to build models of a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell, and a virus. The materials and the structures they represent are listed in the table shown.

Which material will students use in all three models?

• Yellow paper oval

• Gray paper hexagon

• Blue yarn

• Purple buttons

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

4C. A diagram of an HIV infection is shown.

Which conclusion about the HIV infection of a host cell is best supported by the diagram?

• It takes place outside of living cells.

• It relies on the host cell to reproduce.

• It involves the process of meiosis.

• It requires carbon dioxide.

11A. Which statement best describes how bacteria recycle matter in an ecosystem?

• Bacteria are producers that create energy for second-order consumers.

• Bacteria produce toxins to prevent the growth of invasive species.

• Bacteria cause diseases that limit the reproduction of organisms in a population.

• Bacteria are decomposers that help to transfer organic material to the soil.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

4C. An illness caused by a certain virus includes fever, rash, joint pain, red eyes, and headache. The virus is transmitted to people by infected mosquitoes. Symptoms quickly occur within three to twelve days after contracting the virus. There is no vaccine for this virus.

Which description best explains the reproductive cycle of this virus?

• Lytic, because the virus is transmitted by mosquitoes

• Lysogenic, because there is no way to vaccinate against it

• Lytic, because of the quick incubation time

• Lysogenic, because the virus causes a fever

4C. A student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. The student states that the capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane found in animal cells.

Which of these describes the similar functions of capsids and nuclear membranes?

• Both transport proteins throughout the structures.

• Both provide energy for activities in the structures.

• Both protect genetic information for the structures.

• Both code for the proteins needed for reproduction of the structures.