APWH General Review #2

Q: The photograph above of Angkor Wat in Cambodia is an example of which cultural change?

• spread of Islam to SE Asia

• the wealth created by the spice trade

• Hindu influence in SE Asia

• Chinese reconquest of Indochina

“The evil-disposed in these districts [of England] began to rise, saying, they were too severely oppressed; that at the beginning of the world there were no slaves, and that no one ought to be treated as such. . . . This they would not longer bear, but had determined to be free, and if they labored for their lords, they wanted to be paid for it. A crazy priest in the county of Kent, called John Ball, who for his absurd preaching, had been thrice confined in prison, inflamed those ideas. He would say: ‘Are we not all descended from the same parents, Adam and Eve? and what can the lords show, or what reasons give, why they should be more the masters than ourselves?’ ” Q: The POV of the author can best be described as:

• sympathetic to the peasants

• hostile to the peasants

• indifferent to the peasants

• sympathetic to the revolt's leaders

Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century? (1400's)

• Mesoamericans

• Bantu

• Chinese

• Western Europeans

The painting shows Chinese youths dressed in the style typically depicted in communist propaganda posters, but with the Coca-Cola corporate logo in the background. The painting has been displayed in several galleries and museums in China.

Q: Which of the following can be inferred about the artist's PURPOSE?

• To celebrate Chinese people’s continued devotion to communist ideology and their rejection of capitalism

• To offer a commentary on the triumph of Western consumer culture in communist China

• To support the suppression of dissident thought during the long rule of Mao Zedong

• To make a plea for Westerners to develop a greater understanding of Chinese values

Which of the following twentieth-century processes contributed most directly to the adoption of the system of cultural values alluded to in the image?

• The expansion of European empires led to the expansion of market economies worldwide.

• Greater industrial productivity and new technologies led to increased availability of consumer goods.

• The continued volatility of economic cycles led many governments to enact social welfare legislation for their citizens.

• Cold War rivalries led to ideological and economic competition between the Soviet Union and the United States.

“When we were in Canton, a port in southern China, we came across a woman who cried out in Portuguese ‘Our Father, who art in Heaven, hallowed be thy name.’ And because she could speak no more of our language, she very earnestly asked us in Chinese to tell her whether we were Christians. We replied that we were, and for proof we repeated all the rest of the Lord’s Prayer which she had left unsaid. Being assured that we were Christians, she pulled us aside, and weeping said to us, ‘Come along, Christians from the other end of the world, with your true sister in the faith of Jesus Christ.’

Q: The activities described in the passage best support which of the following conclusions about the period 1450–1750 C.E.?

• Russian expansion in Asia encouraged Christian missionary activity in China.

• The intensification of commercial and diplomatic activity across Eurasia was accompanied by increased missionary activity.

• The arrival of Nestorian Christians along the Silk Roads introduced European missionaries to China.

• The intensification of regional patterns of trade in the Indian Ocean spurred Chinese merchants to convert to Christianity

“I think we should continue to emphasize the history and culture of the West, while encompassing the rest, because the West has in fact made the world we know. Anyone who wants to participate in the world community in the coming century had better know how and why the West has defined, and will continue to define, world civilization. Why do I say that? Because everybody wants what we have: science and technology, prosperity, and democracy—that is, our philosophy, our economics, our politics. It is the simple truth that science and technology emerge out of Western philosophy, not out of the philosophy of India, China, or the African nations. Since it is a fact that people everywhere aspire to the material advantages that flow, uniquely I think, from the modes of social organization that the West has devised—its economics, its science and technology, and also its politics and philosophy—I think it is time to stop apologizing and start analyzing what has made [the West] the world-defining power that it is.”

Q: The author’s argument regarding the effects of Western philosophy on the world is likely based on which of the following?

• The technological innovations of Greece and Rome

• The global spread of Christianity as a result of European trade and conquest

• The adoption of European Enlightenment political and scientific principles worldwide

• The globalization of popular European postmodern philosophy

Which of the following contributed the most to the growth of the movement to abolish slavery in the Atlantic world?

• A decline in the number of enslaved persons being taken from Africa

• The efforts of industrialists to create a more flexible workforce

• The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies

• Increased availability of Asian indentured labor

The high proportion of women and children among the workforce in many Western nations during the 1800s is best seen in the context of:

• resistance of older male workers to being displaced by younger workers

• low wages of workers in industrial societies

• persistence of guild regulations and other traditional restrictions on labor practices

• decrease in family size associated with greater income

“Without a revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement. The role of vanguard fighter can be fulfilled only by a party that is guided by the most advanced theory. We have said that there could not have been Social-Democratic consciousness among the workers."

- Vladimir Lenin, 1902

Q: The views expressed in the passage best illustrate which of the following processes?

• The modification of the economic theories of Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill in European universities

• The desire to retain preindustrial forms of economic production by many imperial governments

• The expansion of the middle classes in newly industrialized societie

• The formulation of alternative visions of society in response to the spread of global capitalism