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Autoimmunity refers to an immune system that

• Attacks foreign substances in the body

• Attacks the body's own cells and tissues

• Protects the body from infections

• None of the above

Which of the following is NOT an example of an autoimmune disease?

• a) Rheumatoid arthritis

• b) Multiple sclerosis

• c) Asthma

• d) Type 1 diabetes

Caused by a block in differentiation and development of pre-B cells, resulting in an absence or severe reduction in B lymphocytes and Ig of all types, and is characterized by recurrent serious infections with pyogenic infections

• IL-2 receptor deficiency

• X-linked agammaglobulinemia

• DiGeorge syndrome

• Good’s syndrome

This primary immunodeficiency is characterized by depleted plasma cells, diminished immunoglobulin levels, and impaired phagocytosis, and is associated with metabolic effects of vitamin B12 deficiency such as megaloblastic anaemia and intestinal villous atrophy and can be treated with Vitamin B12

• Good’s syndrome

• Chronic granulomatous disease

• Transcobalamin II deficiency

• Ataxia-telangiectasia

The most common type of antibody found in autoimmune diseases is:

• IgA

• IgG

• IgM

• IgE

This autoimmune disorder is characterized by the development of autoantibodies against receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that are expressed on the surface of thyroid cells, leading to excess production of thyroid hormone and hyperthyroidism

• Hashimoto's thyroiditis

• SLE

• Grave's disease

• Sjogren's syndrome

What is the role of regulatory T cells in autoimmunity?

• They help activate the immune system to attack foreign substances

• They help suppress the immune system to prevent attacks on the body's own cells

• They are not involved in autoimmunity

• None of the above

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing autoimmune diseases?

• Being female

• Having a family history of autoimmune disease

• Exposure to certain environmental triggers

• Eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables

The hallmark of autoimmune diseases is:

• Inflammation

• Fibrosis

• Neoplasia

• None of the above

Which of the following is an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction in autoimmune diseases?

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Graves' disease

• Type 1 diabetes

• Multiple sclerosis