IQWST Unit 3 - What Makes the Weather Change? End of Module

How is hotter air different than colder air?

• In hotter air, the molecules are closer together and move more slowly than in colder air.

• In hotter air, the molecules are farther apart and move more rapidly than in colder air.

• Hot air is denser than colder air.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

In electric ovens, the heat in the oven comes from the bottom when you bake something.  However, cookies baking on the top shelf get done before cookies on the bottom shelf, even though the bottom shelf is closer to the heat source.  

 

Use what you know about heat and air to explain why this happens.  Select all that apply.

• Heated air is less dense, so it rises to the top of the oven.

• Heat sinks, so the cookies bake faster at the top.

• Hotter air is denser so the cookies bake faster.

• Hotter air can transfer more energy to the cookies so they bake faster.

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Air that is sitting on Earth's surface can be heated by the sun.  Describe the energy transfers and conversions that occur during this process. [Select three correct answers.]

• Light hitting the Earth’s surface is converted from solar energy to thermal energy.

• Solar energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth’s surface.

• Heat hitting the Earth’s surface is converted from solar energy to thermal energy.

• Thermal energy is transferred from the Earth’s surface to the air by conduction.

• Light energy is transferred from the Earth’s surface to the air by reflection.

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You open the refrigerator and take out a slice of leftover pizza.  You put it in the microwave oven, turn it on, and watch for the cheese to start bubbling.  You take a bite of the pizza and realize it is too hot, so you let it sit on the counter for a minute.  When the pizza is finally cool enough to eat, you enjoy your lunch.  Identify three examples of energy transfer in the scenario.

• Electromagnetic (microwave) energy is transferred from the refrigerator to the pizza in the refrigerator.

• Electromagnetic (microwave) energy is transferred from the microwave to the pizza in the microwave oven.

• Heat energy is transferred from the pizza to the room as the pizza cools on the counter.

• Heat energy from the warm pizza is transferred from the pizza into the mouth chewing it.

• Heat energy from the room is transferred into the pizza as it comes out of the microwave oven.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Ocean currents occur in each of Earth's oceans.  The diagram shows the temperature and currents on the East and West coasts of the United States.  Which statement best describes the temperature of the current?

• The current off the East coast of the United States is cold because it comes from the Arctic area (Labrador Current).

• The current off the East coast of the United States is cold because it comes from the Canary Current off the coast of Africa.

• The current off the East coast of the United States is warm because it comes from the N. Equatorial Current and the Gulf Stream.

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Which model shows the Earth's orbit around the Sun and the correct position of the Earth during each of the four seasons?

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Why do seasons happen?

• The revolution of the Earth around the Sun brings the Earth closer to and farther away from the Sun, causing the Earth to heat up and cool down during the different seasons.

• The rotation of the Earth is affected by the Sun’s intensity on different parts of the Earth's surface at different times of the year.

• The tilt of the Earth on its axis causes the Sun to shine with different intensities on different parts of the Earth at different times of the year.

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Why are June and December different seasons in the Northern Hemisphere?

• Because of the Earth's tilt, the Northern Hemisphere tilts toward the Sun in June and away from the Sun in December.

• The Sun is more intense during the month of December, so the amount of energy that is absorbed by the Earth in December is greater than it is in June.

• Because of the Earth's tilt, the Northern Hemisphere tilts toward the Sun in December and away from the Sun in June.

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Why do the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience different seasons?

• The Sun moves up and down as the Earth revolves in its annual cycle. This causes it to be summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere in June

• In December, the Sun's rays are spread out more over the Northern Hemisphere while they hit the Southern Hemisphere more directly. This causes it to be winter in the Southern Hemisphere and summer in the Northern Hemisphere in December.

• In June, the Sun's rays are spread out more over the Southern Hemisphere while they hit the Northern Hemisphere more directly.  This causes it to be summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere in June.

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Why is the temperature warmer at the equator than at the poles?

• Because of the higher density of air over the equator, the Sun transfers more energy to the Earth near the equator.

• Because of the shape of the Earth, the Sun’s light hits the area near the equator with the most intensity.

• Because of the seasons, the equator is always warmer.

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