7&8. Cerebral Cortex & Memory

Cerebrum

• •The largest part of brain

• •Consists of 2 cerebral hemispheres

• •Connected together by a mass of white matter , the corpus callosum

• •The 2 hemispheres are Separated by a deep longitudinal fissure

• •The surface of cerebral cortex is thrown in to folds, the gyri (ridge), separated by fissures, sulci (slight depression)

Each cerebral hemisphere is further divided in to 4 lobes by a number of large sulci :

1.Frontal

2.Parietal

3.Occipital &

4.Temporal

• Lobes of Cerebral Cortex

• Fissures of Cerebral Cortex

• Layers of Cerebral Cortex

• Grey matter

• White matter

The lobes of each cerebral hemisphere are demarked by 4 main fissures & sulci:

1.Central sulcus (b/w frontal & parietal lobe)

2.Parieto occipital (b/w Parietal & occipital lobe)

3.Lateral sulcus (b/w Parietal & temporal)

4.Callisomarginal (b/w temporal & limbic area)

• Lobes of Cerebral Cortex

• Fissures of Cerebral Cortex

• Layers of Cerebral Cortex

• Grey matter

• White matter

The cerebral cortex is formed by 6 layers, from outside to inside are:

1.Molecular or Plexiform layer

2.External Granular layer

3.Outer Pyramidal layer

4.Internal Granular layer

5.Internal Pyramidal or ganglionic

6.Fusiform cell layer

• Lobes of Cerebral Cortex

• Fissures of Cerebral Cortex

• Layers of Cerebral Cortex

• Grey matter

• White matter

•Granular cells

•Pyramidal cells

•Fusiform cells

•Horizontal cells of Cajal

• Lobes of Cerebral Cortex

• Fissures of Cerebral Cortex

• Layers of Cerebral Cortex

• Grey matter

• White matter

•Associational Fibers

•Commissural Fibers

•Projection Fibers

• Lobes of Cerebral Cortex

• Fissures of Cerebral Cortex

• Layers of Cerebral Cortex

• Grey matter

• White matter

1.Regulation of tone, Posture & equilibrium

2.Regulation of Automatic and Associated acts

3.Control of Autonomic nervous system

4.Control of eye movements

5.Establishment of reflexes

• Motor Functions of Cerebrum

• Sensory Functions of Cerebrum

1.Perception of touch, pain, heat & cold

2.Taste, smell & vision

3.Responsible for intellectual functions:

4.Memory

5.Intelligence

6.Planning

7.Judgement

• Motor Functions of Cerebrum

• Sensory Functions of Cerebrum

1. (Motor Area)

Initiates movements

2. (Premotor Area)

Produce autonomic actions

3. (Broca’s motor speech Area)

Causes movements of muscles of speech in tongue, lips & larynx

• Frontal Lobe

• Parietal Lobe

• Temporal Lobe

• Occipital Lobe

Main Sensory Area

•Receives all types of general sensations

•E.g. touch, temp, pressure, pain

• Frontal Lobe

• Parietal Lobe

• Temporal Lobe

• Occipital Lobe