psych vocab 23

Match the following

• Decibel

• hearing loss caused by damage to the (mechanical) middle ear structures that conduct sound waves to the cochlea.

• Cochlea

• snail-shaped tube in the inner ear that contains fluid that moves in response to vibrations, stimulating activity on the basilar membrane

• Conduction hearing loss

• unit used to express the ratio of acoustic or electric power

• Cochlear implant

• a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

• Cornea

• The transparent, protective outer layer of the eye that bends light waves to assist in proper focus

the theory that the retina contains three different colors receptors-one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue-which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color.

• Gate control theory

• Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory

• Place theory

• Opponent-process theory

Match the following

• Tactition

• hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptors cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness.

• Semicircular canals

• sense of touch

• Rods

• fluid filled tubes in inner ear that provide information about movement of the head

• Sensorineural hearing loss

• the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences taste

• Sensory interaction

• Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond.

the third layer of retinal neurons whose axons leave the eyeball and form the optic nerve.

• Vision

• Retinal ganglion cells

• Hair cells

• Biopolar cells

Match the following

• Pupil

• the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrast with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving.

• Pitch

• the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.

• Place theory

• the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.

• Retina

• in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated.

• Parallel processing

• sound information that depends on frequency (or wavelength) of sound waves

Match the following

• Outer ear

• Nerve endings that signal the sensation of pain

• Optic nerve

• the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision; useful for explaining the phenomenon of "after-images"

• Nociceptors

• Collects and sends sounds to the eardrum

• Olfaction

• the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

• Opponent-process theory

• sense of smell

Match the following

• Iris

• the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.

• Kinesthetic sense

• a ring of muscle tissue that forms the color portions of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.

• Lens

• the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts; enabled by feedback from proprioceptors (which provide info about the movement of muscles, tendons, joints); also called "proprioception"

• Middle ear

• the amount of energy in a light or sound wave which we perceive as brightness or loudness

• Intensity

• the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window.

the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.

• Retina

• Eardrum

• Inner ear

• Middle ear

Match the following

• Frequency theory

• the theory that the spinal cord contains neurological process that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. 

• Hue

• in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch.

• Hair cells

• the dimension of color that is determine by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth.

• Gate control theory

• sense of taste

• Gustation

• finger-like projections on the basilar membrane that stimulate activity of the auditory nerve

Match the following

• Frequency

• the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster.

• Fovea

• in psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments

• Feature detectors

• nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimuli, such as shape, angle, or movement.

• Eardrum

• the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time; determines perception of hue in light and of pitch in sound

• Embodied cognition

• A tight membrane that vibrates when in contact with sound waves