Cold War & Decolonization

After which event did the United States and the Soviet Union emerge as superpowers with respect to the rest of the world?

• The US Civil War

• The First World War

• the promulgation of the Monroe Doctrine

• the Second World War

Which of the following was a principal cause of the Cold War?

• Proxy wars in Latin America

• competitions for resources in Africa

• the nuclear arms race

• competing political & economic ideologies

Which of the following likely explains the political positions of most of the non-aligned (not "allied" with US & USSR) Asian and African states during the Cold War?

• As former large empires, they admired the territorial ambitions of the United States and the Soviet Union.

• As states that had populations with deeply traditional values, they were uninterested in ideological debates

  between capitalists and communists.

• As former colonial territories, they were wary of being dominated by another foreign power.

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  As states with extensive natural resources, they wanted to grant free-trade privileges to all nations.

Western-led military alliance systems such as NATO that emerged during the Cold War period sought to:

• share nuclear technology with non-aligned nations

• prevent the spread of communism

• encourage a foreign policy independent of the USSR & the US

• create democratic govts. worldwide

All the following were policies pursued by BOTH the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War EXCEPT:

• centralized economic planning

• reliance on military alliances for national security

• development of large nuclear arsenals

• promotion of proxy wars (fought between allies of both) in other states

“It was my privilege to attend the All African People’s Conference held in Ghana. The conference was significant because it brought together the most representative gathering of African leaders ever assembled. There were about 300 delegates representing some 65 organizations coming from 28 African countries. Of the nine independent African countries only one, Sudan, was not represented.

The conference’s declaration on colonialism and imperialism significantly called upon ‘the independent African states to render maximum assistance by every means possible to the dependent peoples in their struggle.’ The final decision of the conference was to commend nonviolent methods but also to endorse other methods if they are deemed necessary."

Q: The conference as described in the first and second paragraphs is best explained in the context of which of the following developments in the aftermath of the Second World War?

• the development of regional free-trade agreements

• The intensification of ethnic rivalries in Africa

• The dissolution of European empires

• The spread of industrial methods of production

These maps of Africa best explain which of the following about African history in the twentieth century?

• Why Islam has continued to spread in sub-Saharan Africa following decolonization

• Why some former colonial powers have continued to intervene in the internal affairs of their former colonies after independence

• Why most African states achieved independence within a few years of one another

• Why African state-building efforts have been hindered by the persistence of political boundaries inherited from the colonial era

Since it is a fact that people everywhere aspire to the material advantages that flow, uniquely I think, from the modes of social organization that the West has devised—its economics, its science and technology, and also its politics and philosophy—I think it is time to stop apologizing and start analyzing what has made [the West] the world-defining power that it is.”

-Jacob Neusner, 1989

Q: The author's POV regarding the West was likely influenced by which of the following developments at the time he was writing?

• The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War

• The growing strength of environmental protest movements

• The outbreaks of ethnic violence in Africa and Eastern Europe

• The spread of the liberation theology movement in Catholic Latin American states

Which BEST EXPLAINS the emergence of so many non-aligned (not "allied" with the US or USSR) nations during the Cold War Era?

• The US and USSR’s control over international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund

• The disintegration of imperial states such as the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires following WWI

• The military and economic decline of Western European colonial empires following the Second World War

• The United States and the Soviet Union developed economic policies that protected them from

      the worst effects of the Great Depression

Which of the following WAS NOT a Proxy War (war fought between states allied with the US & USSR)?

• Yom Kippur War

• Vietnam War

• Korean War

• Persian Gulf War