Quarterly review Unit 1 and 2

Both gypsum and limestone are found in the quarry. Limestone has about the same hardness as calcite. A mineral’s hardness can be determined from how easily it is scratched by another mineral. In a hardness test, what result will show the difference between gypsum and limestone?

• Fluorite scratches limestone and gypsum.

• Gypsum scratches talc.

• Limestone scratches talc.

• Calcite scratches gypsum.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

A fork falls off the edge of a table. Which force moves the fork toward the floor?

• The pull of Earth’s gravity

• The push of the table

• The pull of Earth’s rotation

• The push of air pressure

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

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A solar system can be described as many interrelated systems.  Which of the following would not be classified as a system within a solar system?

• The Earth and Moon create tides.

• Many solar systems exist in a galaxy.

• Jupiter is orbited by 63 known moons.

• Land, water and air interact to form weather.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

Thousands of years ago, people looked to the night sky and recorded their observations through cave paintings and rock art.  Today, people still look up at the night sky and can see even more with the use of telescopes. Scientists are able to collect information from space using satellites that are telescope enabled. Using the drawings from the past and images from the satellites we can determine that objects such as the sun and planets are still arranged the same way.   What can be a reasonable explanation that allows this to be true?

• Objects in the sky never change their position.

• Astronomers always observe the night sky from the same places.

• Objects in space are held in space by gravity.

• There have been no new discoveries in space.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

A student is making a model of the solar system. Using clay, the student shapes the clay into different sized spheres which are scaled to the actual size of the planets. Each sphere was placed on a platform, 5 cm apart, and in the correct order starting with the sun. This model is limited because it shows the-

• distance between each planet as being equal.

• size of the planets as being different.

• sun as being in the center of the solar system.

• shape of the planets as spheres.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

Gravity is the force that governs the motion of our solar system. The planets travel in a curved path.Why do the planets move in a curved path rather than a straight line?

• The gravitational attraction between the Sun and Moon determines the curved motion.

• The gravitational attraction between the Sun and planets determines the curved motion.

• The shape of the planets determines the curved motion.

• The shape of the Sun determines the curved motion.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Which of the following is the best description of how a mountain range forms?

• Continental crust slides causing friction and heat. The crust melts into the mantle and new crust material forms. 

• Plates move, and energy builds up until finally enough stress causes the plates to break free.

• Plates move away from each other allowing the mountain range to extend from the earth.

• A collision occurs between two pieces of continental crust at a colliding/convergent boundary. 

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Hank passes by a building every day on his way to school. He notices that the rock used to build the walls of the building is a different type than the rock used to build the steps. How could energy have played a role in the different rock types forming? 

• Energy from different sources leads to different types of rock. Energy inside Earth melts rock into liquid rock, but energy from the sun causes rock to weather into small pieces of rock. 

• Energy caused one rock type to form, but not the other. Rock that forms because of energy is a different type of rock than rock that forms without energy. 

• Energy changes rock in different ways, depending on the starting rock type. Energy changes igneous rock into liquid rock and changes sedimentary rock into small pieces of rock. 

• Energy changes rock on different continents in different ways. Each continent on Earth has different rock that might form liquid rock or small rock pieces when exposed to energy. 

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

A common asteroid is in the first photograph.

Haley's Comet is in the second photograph.

What can be inferred about comets and asteroids?

• Both have orbits around the Earth that are ellipses.

• Both are miniature planets because they orbit the Sun.

• Both could be planetary fragments from the beginnings of solar system formation

• Both are made of rock, ice, and solar dust from the beginning of the solar system.

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Your class is creating a model of the solar system. A large beach ball is suspended in the center of the room and

you and your classmates are located around the ball to represent the Earth in orbit. In order to accurately

represent the Earth in orbit which of the following activities should you do?

1. Walk in a circle around the beach ball.

2. Spin around.

3. Try to tilt your body at a 45 degree angle.

4. Move nearer and farther from the beach ball as you circle it.

• 1,2 and 3

• 1 and 2

• 2,3 and 4

• 1 and 4

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1