Mod 3 Review Marine Science

The Hawaiian island of Mauna Loa is an active volcano. In areas where lava no longer flows, primary succession is taking place. Which of the following is an example of a pioneer species that can be seen here?

• Algae

• Orchids

• Pineapple trees

• Sugar cane

Melting glaciers in Alaska leave open land which will go through primary succession. What conditions would most likely be present in this region?

• Large trees growing in rich soil

• Algae and fungi growing on bare rock

• Light soil with moderate plant growth

• A wide variety of plants and animals

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Striped bass are found along the eastern coast of the United States. The following map shows the migration path that striped bass are known to take over the course of a year. In which direction do striped bass migrate in the winter?

• East

• North

• South

• West

North Atlantic right whales spend their winters off of the coast of the southeastern United States. In the spring, they migrate north to the coast of the northeastern United States. What is the most likely reason that these whales migrate to the north in the spring?

• Conditions are more variable in the north during the spring.

• Food is more plentiful in the northeastern regions during the spring.

• Sunlight is more abundant in northern regions during spring.

• Temperatures are warmer in northern regions during spring.

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Cobia are fish found off the eastern coast of the United States. Cobia prefer colder waters. Which of the following migration pattern would you predict cobia follow?

• Stay in southern waters year-round.

• Stay in the south during autumn and winter, and migrate to northern locations in the spring and summer.

• Live in the southern waters during summer and move offshore to the mid-ocean during winter.

• Stay in the north during autumn and winter, and migrate to southern locations in the spring and summer.

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Polar bears obtain the majority of their annual nutrient reserves during the late winter. They hunt seals on the surface of sea ice. During this time, the sea ice is also at its highest density. Scientists have been measuring the amount of arctic sea ice for decades. Based on the data trends in the graph, what is the most likely prediction regarding the polar bear?

• They will be able to expand their hunting grounds for seals.

• They will have to find alternate food sources.

• They will hunt seals in locations farther south.

• They will learn to hunt seals at other times of the year.

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Loggerhead turtles need an incubation temperature between about 28 and 32 degrees Celsius. When temperatures are higher, more female turtles are produced. When temperatures are lower, more males are produced. When the temperatures exceed this range, the offspring don't develop and die. Scientists have observed that, in Florida, 90 percent of the turtles born are females. If global climate change continues, what is the best prediction that can be made based on these observations?

• Male turtles will move to cooler waters, leaving females in warmer regions.

• More female turtles will find mates, so the population will increase in size.

• The turtle population will become smaller over time.

• The turtle population will become entirely male.

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An isolated system is best characterized as a system in which:

• Energy can freely enter and leave but matter cannot.

• Matter and energy can freely enter and leave.

• Matter can freely enter and leave, but energy cannot.

• Energy and matter cannot enter or leave.

A closed system is best characterized as a system in which:

• Energy can freely enter and leave, but matter cannot.

• Matter and energy can freely enter and leave.

• Matter can freely enter and leave, but energy cannot.

• Energy and matter cannot enter or leave.

A fish eats food, and then swims. How does this example show the Law of Conservation of Energy?

• Chemical potential energy from food molecules is converted to kinetic energy in the fish's muscles.

• Thermal energy from the water heats the food and gives the fish energy to move.

• Kinetic energy from digestion is lost to the surrounding environment.

• The fish recaptures all of the energy that it lost when it eats.

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