DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIBODIES

Antibody against RBC antigens not present on patient’s own RBC

• Alloantibody
• Autoantibody

Antibody against RBC antigens present on patient’s own RBC

• Alloantibody
• Autoantibody

From an individual who inherited only one allele at a given genetic locus

• Homozygous expression
• Heterozygous expression

From an individual who inherited two different alleles at a given genetic locus

• Homozygous expression
• Heterozygous expression

Produced in response to RBC stimulation through transfusion, transplantation, or pregnancy

• Immune alloantibodies
• Naturally occurring alloantibodies
• Passively acquired antibodies
• Autoantibodies

Form as a result of exposure to environmental sources, such as pollen, fungus, and bacteria, which have structures similar to some RBC antigens.

• Immune alloantibodies
• Naturally occurring alloantibodies
• Passively acquired antibodies
• Autoantibodies

Are antibodies produced in one individual and then transmitted to another individual via plasma-containing blood components or derivatives such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

• Immune alloantibodies
• Naturally occurring alloantibodies
• Passively acquired antibodies
• Autoantibodies

Are antibodies directed against antigens expressed on one’s own RBCs and generally react with all RBCs tested.

• Immune alloantibodies
• Naturally occurring alloantibodies
• Passively acquired antibodies
• Autoantibodies

TUBE METHOD: A few isolated aggregates; mostly free-floating cells; supernatant appears red.

• Mixed Field
• Weak
• 1+
• 2+

TUBE METHOD: Tiny aggregates barely visible macroscopically, many free erythrocytes; turbid and reddish supernatant

• Mixed Field
• Weak
• 1+
• 2+