Category 1: Cells, Viruses, Biomolecules

1. What is one of the functions of nucleic acids?

• Stores genetic information and helps to make proteins
• Increases the rate of chemical reactions
• Stimulates metabolism in all body cells
• Activates secretion of the body's hormones

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Label the parts of the virus. Place the name next to the arrow.

c

d

b

a

Tail Fibers

DNA

Protein Sheath

Protein Capsid

2. What type of medication will work against a VIRUS?

• Antibiotics
• Tylenol
• Vaccine
• Vitamins

Match the following biomolecules with their elements

• CHON

• Lipids

• CHONP

• Carbohydrates

• CHO

• Proteins

• CHO

• Nucleic Acids

Answer explanation

3. Enzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. These proteins are composed of many simpler molecules called amino acids. Which of the following suggests that the shape of an enzyme determines the enzyme's function?

• F. Enzymes are specific to a substrate.
• G. Enzymes can operate in a wide range of conditions.
• H. Enzymes are activated by neighboring molecules.
• J. Enzymes can be found in all life-forms.

4. In order to make hydrochloric acid, which is required in human digestion, ATP is used to move hydrogen ions from the blood to the stomach lining. This is an example of ___.

• Active Transport
• Osmotic Potential
• Passive Transport
• Facilitated Diffusion

5. The cellular process known as the sodium-potassium pump was discovered in the 1950s by Jens Christian Skou, a Danish scientist. This process is a form of active transport that moves three sodium ions to the outside of a cell for every two potassium ions that it moves into the cell. Which of these best explains why energy is needed for active transport?

• Ions are negatively charged.
• Ions are attached to large proteins
• Ions are trapped inside the plasma membrane.
• Ions are moved against the concentration gradient.

A red blood cell with 90% water and 10% solute is placed into a solution of 20% water and 80% solute What is this movement of water called AND will the water move into the cell or out of the cell?

6. Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein. What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

• The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme.
• The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate.
• The products made from the enzyme and substrate will be changed.
• The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before.

7. The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

• A. A Substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.
• B. The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells.
• C. The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes.
• D. A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.