SAMPLING DESIGN AND RESEARCH TOOLS

This technique divides the elements of the population into small subgroups based on the similarity in such a way that the elements within the group are homogeneous and heterogeneous among the other subgroups formed. And then the elements are randomly selected from each of these strata. We need to have prior information about the population to create subgroups.

• Simple Random Sampling

• Stratified sampling

• Systematic sampling

• Cluster Sampling

Every member of the larger group has an equal chance of being chosen.

• secondary sample

• stratified sample

• systematic sample

• random sample

This sample includes the individuals who happen to be most accessible to the researcher. This is an easy and inexpensive way to gather initial data, but there is no way to tell if the sample is representative of the population, so it can’t produce generalizable results.

• Purposive Sample

• Convenience Sample

• Snowball Sample

• Quota Sample

This sampling is similar to simple random sampling, but it is usually slightly easier to conduct. Every member of the population is listed with a number, but instead of randomly generating numbers, individuals are chosen at regular intervals.

• Simple Random Sample

• Systematic sample

• Stratified Sample

• Cluster Sample

also involves dividing the population into subgroups, but each subgroup should have similar characteristics to the whole sample. Instead of sampling individuals from each subgroup, you randomly select entire subgroups.

• Simple Random Sample

• Systematic sample

• Stratified Sample

• Cluster Sample

These are used to collect data from participants through a set of standardized questions. They are often used in surveys and can be administered in person, over the phone, or online.

• questionnaires

• interviews

• Focus Groups

• Surveys

These involve watching people or events and recording what is seen. Observations can be structured or unstructured and can be conducted in person or through video recordings.

• questionnaires

• interviews

• Focus Groups

• observations

These are instruments or methods used to collect, analyze, and interpret data in research studies. The choice of tool depends on the research question, the type of data required, and the resources available.

• Sampling Designs

• Research Tools

• Research Paradigm

• Focus Groups