Intro to Guidance and Counseling prelims last slide

Asked significant questions that led to the understanding of what a human being is and how s/he must be handled.

• Philosophy

• Psychology

believed that there was only one underlying reality–the mind OR

the body, but not both.

• MONISM

• MATERIALISM

both mind and body existed.

• DUALISM

• MECHANISM

believed that humans were entirely physical.

• MATERIALISM

• MECHANISM

asserted that all human choices were determined by the

laws of nature.

• DETERMINISTS

• MECHANISM

propounded that human beings were slaves to nature and

like machines, they could be known totally and completely.

• MECHANISM

• DETERMINISTS

emphasized that reason, innate ideas, and deductions guide

knowledge.

• RATIONALISM

• EMPIRICISM

understood that experience was the source of knowledge and

that learning was a process of accumulating a series of sensory experiences.

• EMPIRICISM

• RATIONALISM

concentrated on natural phenomenon or facts that were

objectively observable.

• POSITIVISM

• MATERIALISM

focused on the uniqueness of human beings and

highlighted this as the only reality.

• EXISTENTIALISM

• DETERMINISTS