Cellular Adaptations

1.       _________________ is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes

• a. Cellular adaptation

• b. Cell Injury

• c. Cell respiration

• d. Cell regeneration

2. The most common cause of this cell injury mechanism is ischemia.

• a. Free radical injury

• b. Hypoxic Cell Injury

• c. Impaired Calcium (Ca++) Homeostasis

This cell injury involves the damage to cellular structures by Hydroxyl radical (OH·), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).

• a. Free radical injury

• b. Hypoxic Cell Injury

• c. Impaired Calcium (Ca++) Homeostasis

Adaptation to environmental stimuli where there is a change from one mature cell type to another.

• a. Hyperplasia

• b. Metaplasia

• c. Hypertrophy

• d. Atrophy

Mechanism involved to effect adaptation to a decrease in functional demand that results to decrease in size.

• Hyperplasia

• Metaplasia

• Hypertrophy

• Atrophy

The following are irreversible changes of cellular injury, except:

• Swelling

• Necrosis

• Apoptosis

• All are irreversible changes

The increase level of this element in cells activates enzymes that later degrade cell organelles.

• Oxygen

• Calcium

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

In ionizing radiation, these particles directly damage the DNA molecule’s atoms.

• Alpha, beta, and X rays

• Alpha, gamma, UV rays

• Gamma, Beta, X rays

• Beta, gamma, UV rays

A cause of hypoxia where in the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells are decreased.

• Ischemia

• Anemia

• CO poisoning

• Pulmonary disease

Cell membrane can be damaged by the following except for one

• Extreme temperature

• Toxins

• Viruses

• Water