Unit 9 Biochemistry Vocabulary

Reactant

• a substance present at the beginning of a reaction

• a substance present at the end of a reaction

• a particle that consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

• a substance made up of two or more different chemical elements combined in a fixed ratio.

Nitrogen Cycle 

• the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

• a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP

• biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes.

• the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Carbon Cycle 

• the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth.

• a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP

• a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment

• a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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Cellular Respiration 

• a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment

• a land region on the earth's surface covered by biological communities that group under the same climatic patterns like rainfall and temperature.

• a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP

• the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Photosynthesis

• a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP

• the descriptive and conceptual findings collected through questionnaires, interviews, or observation

• the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

• a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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Macromolecule

• a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances. The basic particle that constitutes a chemical element is the atom, and chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number of protons in the nuclei of their atoms

• a substance made up of two or more different chemical elements combined in a fixed ratio.

• a particle that consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

• a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, lipid, or carbohydrate

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Ionic Bond

• a bond that forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.

• a particle that consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

• a strong bond between two atoms that share their elections

• a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, lipid, or carbohydrate

Covalent Bond

• a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, lipid, or carbohydrate

• a particle that consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

• a strong bond between two atoms that share their elections

• a weak bond between two molecules that happens in polar molecules

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Hydrogen Bond

• a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, lipid, or carbohydrate

• a weak bond between two molecules that happens in polar molecules

• a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances. The basic particle that constitutes a chemical element is the atom, and chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number of protons in the nuclei of their atoms

• a strong bond between two atoms that share their elections

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Compound

• a living component of an ecosystem; for example organisms, such as plants and animals.

• a substance made up of two or more different chemical elements combined in a fixed ratio.

• a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances. The basic particle that constitutes a chemical element is the atom, and chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number of protons in the nuclei of their atoms

• a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, lipid, or carbohydrate

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1