language descriptions

Its influence on ESP has never been strong.

• Classical or traditional grammar

• Notional or functional grammar

• Discourse/Rhetorical analysis

• Structural linguistics

Equivalence was difficult to establish on formal grounds, since the formal structures of languages show considerable variation.

• Transformational Generative (TG) grammar

• Language variation and register analysis

• Functional/Notional grammar

• Discourse analysis

Noam Chomsky

• Classical or Traditional Grammar

• Structural Linguistics

• Transformational Generative (TG) grammar

• Language variation and register analysis

• Functional/Notional Grammar

This describes that each word in the sentence has a role.

• Classical or Traditional Grammar

• Structural Linguistics

• Transformational Generative (TG) grammar

• Language variation and register analysis

• Functional/Notional Grammar

Greek scholar, Dionysius Thrax and Roman scholar Marcus Terrentius Varro

• Classical or Traditional Grammar

• Structural Linguistics

• Transformational Generative (TG) grammar

• Language variation and register analysis

• Functional/Notional Grammar

There is distinction between performance (surface structures) and competence (the deep-level rules).

• Transformational Generative (TG) grammar

• Language variation and register analysis

• Functional/Notional grammar

• Classical or traditional grammar

Grammar is described in terms of syntagmatic structures which carry the fundamental propositions and notions.

• Classical or Traditional Grammar

• Structural Linguistics

• Transformational Generative (TG) grammar

• Language variation and register analysis

• Functional/Notional Grammar

These were case-based languages where the grammatical function of each word in the sentence was made apparent by the use of appropriate inflections.

• Classical or traditional grammar

• Notional or functional grammar

• Discourse/Rhetorical analysis

• Structural linguistics

Swiss Linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure

• Classical or traditional grammar

• Notional or functional grammar

• Discourse/Rhetorical analysis

• Structural linguistics

Leonard Bloomfield (1935)

• Classical or Traditional Grammar

• Structural Linguistics

• Transformational Generative (TG) grammar

• Language variation and register analysis

• Functional/Notional Grammar