Origin of life

Who disproved the idea of spontaneous generation was once and for all?

• Aristotle

• Lazzaro Spallanzani

• Francesco Redi

• Louis Pasteur

The term abiogenesis

• means the emergence of small organisms from mud

• means the emergence of life from non-living matter

• means that living things can only come from other living things

• is another name for natural selection

Which feature of the cell in the micrograph is consistent with the endosymbiotic theory?

• X has a single membrane.

• Y has a double membrane.

• X contains 70S ribosomes.

• Y contains 80S ribosomes.

Which statement provides evidence for endosymbiosis?

• Early prokaryotes contributed to a large increase in oxygen in the atmosphere.

• Eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA.

• Certain groups of ancient prokaryotes developed mechanisms to carry out aerobic respiration.

• Experiments by Miller and Urey produced simple organic molecules in abiotic conditions.

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey recreated Earth’s early atmosphere in a test tube. Then they bombarded the chemical mixture with ultraviolet light and simulated lightning. What were the results?

• Cell membranes had formed.

• Amino acids and other biological molecules were created.

• RNA molecules formed.

• DNA molecules emerged.

Pasteur carried out a series of experiments that provided strong evidence against a widely supported theory. What was this theory?

• Endosymbiosis

• Spontaneous generation

• Conservative replication of DNA

• Evolution

Which organism has DNA located in three organelles?

• A sponge

• A fern

• A flatworm

• A bacterium

The statement relates to Pasteur’s experiments.

• Mold evolved by endosymbiosis.

• Oxygen is required for anaerobic respiration.

• Cells can only be formed by division of pre-existing cells.

• Nutrients are a requirement for mold growth.

Which of the following is an additional piece of evidence in support of the RNA World Hypothesis?

• Like phospholipids, RNA can form a bilayer in an aqueous environment.

• Like DNA, RNA can encode genetic information.

• Like chlorophylls, RNA can capture light energy for photosynthesis.

• Like cellulose, RNA can provide physical support within cell walls.

Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?

• prokaryotic and aerobic

• eukaryotic and aerobic

• prokaryotic and anaerobic

• eukaryotic and anaerobic