Sed Rock and Fossil Fuel Review

Some students make a model to show one of the first steps in the formation of sedimentary rock. The students pour 2 centimeters of light-colored sand into a clear plastic box. Then they add 1 centimeter of gravel. Finally they pour 2 centimeters of dark-colored sand on top of the gravel. Which characteristic of sedimentary rock does this model best show?

• Sedimentary rock is made of layers.
• Sedimentary rock is cemented bits of rock.
• Sedimentary rock is often limestone.
• Sedimentary rock is common in Texas.

All of these are related to the formation of oil or natural gas EXCEPT --

• decomposed animals
• decayed plants
• sedimentary rocks
• active volcanoes

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Erosion is one of the processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rock. Which of these best describes the process of erosion?

• Rocks are broken into smaller pieces that remain in the same location.
• Pressure compacts layers of sediment and turns them into rock.
• Pieces of rock or soil are carried from one place to another.
• Sediment grains fall to the bottom of a lake to form sedimentary layers.

Which of the following best explains how these layers can become rock over many years?

• Sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock.
• The weight of the water compacts the sediment into rock.
• Changing water temperatures turn sand in the sediment into rock.
• Pollution caused by humans turns the sediment into rock.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

The diagram below shows the sequence of processes that turn solid rock into sandstone.

Which two processes best complete this diagram?

• Melting and cooling

• Erosion and compaction

• Compaction and cementation

• Evaporation and dissolving

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Fossil fuels formed over long periods of time after particles in water settled to the sea floor and formed marine mud. What kinds of particles needed to be present in the marine mud in order for fossil fuels to form?

• Mostly sand and a few small bits of wood
• Mostly decaying organisms
• Mostly lava and a few sedimentary rocks
• Mostly metal minerals

This photograph shows plants growing on the surface of a pond.

How do plants like these form fossil fuels?

• The dead plants sink to the bottom of the pond and get buried by sediment for millions of years

• The dead plants get buried for millions of years and form fossils that attract carbon.

• The dead plants sink to the bottom of the pond and are consumed by decomposers.

• The dead plants produce carbon that is consumed by fish, which form fossils.