Cell Structures

Dr. Lopez studies the cells of oak trees that grow on steep hills. He is learning how the trees can support themselves and get enough food. The trees have very different needs than animals. Describe two structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells. How do these structures help plant cells to meet a plant’s needs?

Answer explanation

Animal and plant cells include many of the same structures. If you answered cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, ribosomes, etc., these structures are found in both plant and animal cells. Vacuoles are also found in plant and animal cells, although they can be much larger in plant cells. Sample: Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts. The cell wall protects and supports the cell. Chloroplasts take in energy from sunlight and use it to make food for the cell.

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​ (a)   cells make their own food. ​ (b)   cells do not make their own food.

• Plant
• Animal

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If a cell has waste it needs to store, it will store it in:

• the mitochondrion.

• the cytoplasm.

• the nucleus.

• a vacuole.

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What is the function of the nucleus, as shown by the arrow?

• Breaks down glucose to make usable energy (ATP)

• Does photosynthesis to make glucose

• Controls what goes in and out of the cell

• Controls the cell processes and stores DNA/gentic material

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Why are chloroplasts found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

• Plant cells need rigid support.

• Plant cells need to make food.

• Plant cells need to store food and water.

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If a cell inside of an organism were unable to exchange food, water, and other materials with its environment, what would happen to it?

• The cell would produce new cells, making the organism grow.

• The cell would attack other cells.

• The cell would not be able to survive.

• It would neither help nor harm the cell.

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Match the following

• bacteria cell

• Multicellular, has chloroplasts

• plant cell

• Unicellular, has a flagella to help it move

• animal cell

• Multicellular, does not have a cell wall

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Mark looks at an unknown cell under a microscope. What structure could he observe to help him identify whether the cell came from a plant?

• nucleus

• cell wall

• cytoplasm

• mitochondrion

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Part of the cell theory states that cells come from other cells. Which statement below explains this part of the theory as it applies to all organisms?

• The cells of all organisms excrete waste.

• The cells of all organisms have cytoplasm.

• The cells of all organisms divide to make more cells.

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The ​ (a)   are responsible for converting glucose (food) into ​ (b)   for the cell.

• mitochondria
• energy
• nucleus
• DNA
• ribosome

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